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Explain the altitudinal zones of the Himalayan region.
Answers
Altitude is important in the circulation of vegetation in mountainous region. Here, temperature decreases with increasing altitude. In mountainous regions like Himalaya, one can notice a series of natural vegetation belts from tropical to the tundra region.
Shivaliks, foothills of the Himalayas, are beautified with tropical moist deciduous forests. Sal is the most prevailing and economically essential species. Bamboo trees are also familiar within this belt. This is followed by wet hill forests, within 1,000 and 2,000 metres above sea level. Evergreen wide leave oaks, chestnuts and apples are the regular trees. Other trees that can be found are ash and beech. At such an altitude in north-eastern hills where it rains profoundly, one can witness the presence of sub-tropical pine forests.
On further up, i.e. within 1,600 and 3,300 metres above sea level, pine, cedar, silver fir and spruce are some of the more significant species. These are the part of coniferous forests of the temperate region. In the inner Himalayan ranges and in drier climates these trees along with deodar can be found in abundance. Temperate coniferous forests give way to Alpine forests, mostly at 3,600 metres above sea level. They consist of silver firs, pines, birches and junipers. Alpine forests yield territory to Alpine grasslands, through shrubs and scrub.