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a. The offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents through a mechanism known as inheritance. The inherited traits undergo modification. Through hereditary, variations between individuals can accumulate and cause species to undergo evolution by natural selection.
b. Complex proteins are made up of various protein molecules which are linked by non-covalent bonds. Amino acids are the basic units of the proteins. They link together to form a primary structure, polypeptide chain. Secondary structure is made up of beta sheets or alpha helices.
c. Evolution theory is given by Darwin's in his book the origin of species. Evolution is the process in which different types of new organism are developed from pre-existing ones by modification.
Characteristics are the appearance or behavior. Example plants performed photosynthesis is characteristics. Human forelimb also performed many function is also characteristics.
d. Anatomical evidences help us to study how species have evolved over a period of time. Analogous structures support the theory of evolution and explain the fact that how species build up adaptations in order to fit in an environment whereas homologous structures help us to understand common ancestry.
e. Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms from the past. Fossils are important evidence for evolution because they show that life on earth was once different from life found on earth today.
f.The human genome looks the way it does because of all the genetic changes that have affected our ancestors. The exact origin of modern humans has long been a topic of debate.
KEY FACTModern humans originated in Africa within the past 200,000 years and evolved from their most likely recent common ancestor, Homo erectus.
Modern humans (Homo sapiens), the species? that we are, means ‘wise man’ in Latin. Our species is the only surviving species of the genus Homo but where we came from has been a topic of much debate. Modern humans originated in Africa within the past 200,000 years and evolved from their most likely recent common ancestor, Homo erectus, which means ‘upright man’ in Latin. Homo erectus is an extinct species of human that lived between 1.9 million and 135,000 years ago.
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