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Answer 1

Answer:

29.2

Many commentators describe the relative

benefits of eLearning in higher education,

however, there are ramifications for unprepared,

technology focused institutions, when trying to

implement distance learning courses. O‟Hearn

(2000), contends that university structures are

rigid and unproven, regarding the incorporation of

technological advancements. Holley (2000)

states that eLearning is difficult to implement

without the full cooperation and support of

lecturers, as the degree of interaction between

lecturers and students is still predominant in

eLearning environments (Volery 2000). Finally, are

traditional universities able to compete with

other independent education providers in

relation to social demands for „lifelong

learning‟ and globalised education services?

(O‟Hearn 2000).

II. TYPES OF E-LEARNING

There are diverse ways of classifying the

types of e-learning. According to Algahtani

(2011), there have been some classifications

based on the extent of their engagement in

education. Some classifications are also based

on the timing of interaction. Algahtani (2011)

divided e-learning into two basic types,

consisting of computer-based and the internet

based e-learning.

According to Algahtani (2011), the computer-

based learning comprises the use of a full range

of hardware and software generally that are

available for the use of Information and

Communication Technology and also each

component can be used in either of two ways:

computermanaged instruction and computer-

assisted-learning. In computer assisted- learning, to

him, computers are used instead of the

traditional methods by providing interactive

software as a support tool within the class or

as a tool for self-learning outside the class. In

the computer-managedinstruction, however,

computers are employed for the purpose of

storing and retrieving information to aid in the

management of education.

The internet-based learning according to

Almosa (2001) is a further improvement of the

computer-based learning, and it makes the

content available on the internet, with the

readiness of links to related knowledge

sources, for examples e-mail services and

references which could be used by learners at

any time and place as well as the availability or

absence of teachers or instructors (Almosa,

2001). Zeitoun (2008) classified this by the

extent of such features use in education, mixed

or blended more, assistant mode, and

completely online mode. The assistant mode

supplements the traditional method as needed.

Mixed or blended mode offers a short-term

degree for a partly traditional method. The

completely online mode, which is the most

complete improvement, involves the exclusive

use of the network for learning (Zeitoun,

2008).

Algahtani (2011) described the completely

online mode as “synchronous” or “asynchronous”

by the application of applying optional timing

of interaction. The synchronous timing comprises

alternate on-line access between teachers or

instructors and learners, or between leaners,

and the asynchronous, to him allows all

participants to post communications to any

other participant over the internet (Algahtani,

2011; Almosa and Almubarak, 2005). The

synchronous type allows learners to discuss

with the instructors and also among

themselves via the internet at the same time

with the use of tools such as the videoconference and

chat rooms. This type according to Almosa

and Almubarak (2005) offers the advantage of

instantaneous feedback. The asynchronous

mode also allows learners to discuss with the

instructors or teachers as well as among

themselves over the internet at different times.

It is therefore not interaction at the same

moment but later, with the use of tools such as

thread discussion and emails (Almosa and

Almubarak, 2005; Algahtani, 2011), with an

advantage that learners are able to learn at a

time that suits them whilst a disadvantage is

that the learners will not be able to receive

instant feedback from instructors as well as

their colleague learners (Almosa and Almu