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Answers
Explanation:
2 answer
Thomson's model of atom could explain the electrical neutrality of the atom but it failed to explain the results of scattering experiments performed by Rutherford. Consequently, it was rejected in favour of Rutherford's model of atom.
3 answer
Rutherford’s model of atom didn't explain the stability of atom because as per his model revolving charged electrons while moving through orbit should emit energy and this energy loss will shrink the orbit and ultimately the electron would hit the nucleus and thus atom is unstable but it is not true.
4 answer
To remove the drawbacks of Rutherford’s atomic model and to explain structure of atom in detail Neils Bohr in 1912 proposed a model of atom. The special features of Bohr’s model are given below:
An electron revolves in the orbit of atom with well-defined energy.
Energy of orbits increases from inner shell to the outer shells i.e.. energy for orbit nearest the nucleus is lowest.
if energy is supplied then electron moves from lower orbit to the higher orbit and if an electron jumps from higher orbit (energy level) to the lower orbit (energy level) then energy is radiated as electromagnetic waves.
Each orbit or shell represents an energy level. Such orbits are represented as K,L,M,N,O……….. and named from centre to outwards.
The shell or orbits are associated with certain amount of energy and energy of orbits/shells increases from inward to outwards.eg K<L<M<N<O…………
6 answer
The following rules are followed for writing the number of electrons in different energy levels or shells:
(i) The maximum number of electrons present in a shell is given by the formula 2n2, where ‘n’ is the orbit number or energy level index, 1,2,3,… Hence the maximum number of electrons in different shells are as follows:
first orbit or K-shell will be,
second orbit or L-shell will be,
third orbit or M-shell will be,
fourth orbit or N-shell will be, and so on.
(ii) The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the outermost orbit is 8.
(iii) Electrons are not accommodated in a given shell, unless the inner shells are filled. That is, the shells are filled in a step-wise manner.
7 answer
That number of electrons (present in outermost shell) /valence electrons which an atom gives or takes or shares to complete its octet,or acquire stable configuration. Therefore, valency of sulphur = 16= 2,8,6 = 2 electrons can be gained easily hence valency is 2.
valency of oxygen = 8 = 2,6 = 2 electrons can be gained easily hence valency is 2.
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