Question

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Answer 1

Answer:

According to Newton law of Gravitation, force of gravity is inversely proportional to the square of their separation distance.

Answer 2

The force of gravity, being inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

$\qquad \qquad \qquad {\small{\underline{\boxed{\sf{\circ \: \: More \: information...}}}}}$

Now let's derive universal law of gravitation, for more information

↪️ Let two objects A and B of masses M and m lie at a distance, d from each other.

Now let the force of attraction between then be F.

↪️ Now according to the universal law of gravitation, the force between two objects is directly proportional to their masses. Therefore,

→ F ∝ M × m

→ F ∝ Mm – – – Equation 1

↪️ And we also know that the force between two objects is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Therefore,

→ F ∝ 1/(d)² – – – Equation 2

↪️ From – – – Equation 1 and 2

→ F ∝ Mm/(d)²

Let's remove proportional sign, by adding constant as G here

→ F = GMm/(d)²

Henceforth,

→ G = Fd²/Mm Henceforth, derived!

Figure regards this question:

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➟ The gravitational force of earth is known as gravity i.e., gravity is the force by which earth pulls a body toward it's centre.

➟ The acceleration produced in a body due to force of gravity is known as acceleration due to gravity. Acceleration due to gravity is denoted by “g”. And g's value is 9.8 m/s².

➣ Acceleration due to gravity is independent of shape, mass and size of the mass of the body.

➟ Gravitation- Every body attract other body by a force called force of gravitation.

➣ Newton's law of gravitation- The force of gravitational attraction between two points bodies is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Considering two points ${\sf{m_{1} \: and m_{2}}}$ are placed at a distance ${\sf{r}}$ The force of gravitational attraction between them, ${\sf{F \: = G\dfrac{m_{1} m_{2}}{r^{2}}}}$

Here ${\sf{G}}$ is constant called universal gravitational constant. The value of G is ${\sf{6.67 \times 10^{-11} Nm^{2}/kg^{2}}}$

Difference between gravitation and gravity is mentioned below:

$\begin{gathered}\boxed{\begin{array}{c|cc}\bf Gravitation &\bf Gravity\\\frac{\qquad \qquad \qquad\qquad\qquad \qquad\qquad\qquad}{}&\frac{\qquad \qquad \qquad\qquad\qquad \qquad\qquad\qquad}{}\\\sf It \: is \: that \: attracting \: force &\sf Force \: of \: gravity \: is \: gravitation \: pull \: on \: a \: body \\ \sf applied \: between \: any \: 2 \: bodies \: of \: universe &\sf \: near \: or \: on \\ &\sf \: the \: surface \: of \: the \: earth \\ \\ \sf It \: is \: a \: universal \: force & \sf It \: isn't \: a \: universal \: force \\ \\ \sf Gravitation \: is \: attracting \: force & \sf Gravity \: is \: a \: pulling \: force \\ \\ \sf Gravitation \: is \: a \: weak \: force & \sf It \: isn't \: weak \: as \: gravitation \\ \\ \sf G \: is \: symbol \: for \: gravitation & \sf g \: is \: symbol \: for \: gravity \\ \\ \sf G \: = \dfrac{Fd^2}{Mm} & \sf g \: = \dfrac{GM}{R^2} \end{array}} \end{gathered}$