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Answers
The tropical region near the equator, between 10°N and 10°S, is known as the equitorial region. This is the region where the Amazon river flows in South America, starting from the mountains in the west to the Atlantic Ocean in the east.
The place where the river flows into another water body, such as a sea or an ocean, is called the river's mouth.
The Amazon is joined by many tributaries, and together they make the huge area called the Amazon basin which covers parts of Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Equador, Columbia, and Venezuela.
Climate
The Amazon basin stretches along the equator so its climate is hot and wet all around the year; both days and nights are equally hot and humid, making the skin feel sticky.
It rains almost everyday and the day temperatures are high with high humidity while night temperatures are low but the humidity remains high.
Flora and Fauna
Because of the heavy rains, thick forests grow and create a roof that is so dense that sunlight cannot penetrate and reach the forest floor.
This makes the forest floor permanently cold and damp and only shade-tolerant or parasite plants such as orchids and bromeliads grow here.
The forest is rich in fauna with birds like toucans, humming birds, and birds of paradise that make loud noises and have brightly coloured plumage, over-sized beaks for eating.
Animals like monkeys, sloths, crocodiles, ant-eating tapirs, and reptiles like anacondas, rock pythons, etc. are also found here.
It is also home to thousands of species of insects and hundreds of species of fish like the famous flesh eating Piranha.
People
People grow most of their food in small areas after clearing the trees there; men mostly hunt and fish along the river, and women take care of the crops.
They mainly grow tapioca, pineapple, and sweet potato, and since hunting and fishing are uncertain, women grow and use vegetables to feed their families.
The main type of agriculture practised here is 'slash and burn', and manioc or cassava (an under-ground vegetable) is the staple diet.
People also eat queen ants and egg sacs, and grow cash crops like coffee, maize, and cocoa.
The rainforest provides a lot of wood to build houses that are of two types: thatched houses shaped like beehives and apartment like houses (called 'Maloca') with steeply slanting roofs.
The life of the Amazonian people is changing rapidly. The construction of the Trans-Amazon highway has eased transportation in the region so people now don't have to depend on the river to travel to the heart of the basin.
Airplanes and helicopters are also used for transportation and the indigenous population that was pushed away from their lands has moved to other places and continued their way of life.
Modern development activities such as construction are destroying the rainforests, and large areas of the rainforests are disappearing every year. As more and more trees are cut down, the top soil in the region gets washed away by the rains, and the land turns barren (becomes infertile).