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Answers
Germany:-
Bismarck was convinced that the unification of Germany could only be achieved by the princes, and not by the people. ... These wars were ended with the victory of Prussia which helped in completing the process of German unification on 18th January 1871. The German unification established the Prussian dominance in Europe.
Italy:-
1. In the mid-nineteenth century, Italy comprised of 7 states out of which only Sardinia-Piedmont was a princely state. There wasn't even a common form of the Italian language.
2. In 1830, Giuseppe Mazzini established a secret society called Young Italy and bring about a revolutionary uprising but failed.
3. Chief Minister Cavour diplomatically joined SardiniaPiedmont, in an alliance with France. It defeated the Austrian forces.
4. Armed volunteers led by Giuseppe Garibaldi also supported the troops and they marched into South Italy and the Kingdom of Two Sicilies. They got the support of the peasants there.
5. In 1861, Victor Emmanuel ll was declared the king of unified Italy. However, most of the Italians were unaware of the idea of liberal-nationalist ideology.
Britain:-
1. Before the eighteenth century, there were different ethnic identities with its own culture and politics-English, Welsh, Scot, and Irish.
2. As the English nation's wealth and power increased, its influence over other island nations also increased.
3. the english parliament which has seized power from the monarchy in 1688 was the instrument through which a nation state, with england came to be forged.
4.. the act of union 1707 between england and scotland had resulted in the formation of united kingdom of great britain
5. ireland was also later forcibly incorporated into UK in 1801
a new british nation was forged through the propagation of a dominant english culture
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