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Answer 1

1) The compound A is Ethanoic acid or Acetic acid ( CH3COOH)

It reacts with sodium metal to give Hydrogen gas and Sodium Ethanoate.

So, compound B is Sodium ethanoate or sodium acetate.

2Na + 2CH3COOH ----------->  2CH3COONa + H2

Hydrogen gas burns with a characteristic pop sound.

2) Compound C is Ethanol ( H3C-CH2-OH).

It reacts with compound A or ethanoic acid in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid in a reaction called as esterification to form an ester (Alkyl alkanoate) which has a fruity, pleasant and sweet smell and water.

Compound D is actually Ethyl ethanoate .

                                  conc. H2SO4

CH3COOH + C2H5OH ----------> CH3COOC2H5 +H2O

3) When concentrated hot NaOH is added to an ester, the sodium salt of the carboxylic acid is formed along with the alcohol.

NaOH  +  CH3COOC2H5 ---------------> CH3COONa +  C2H5OH