plz anyone explain neatly acid and base toplic of class 10 th in english
Answers
Answer:
please mark brainliest(it took a lot of time)
important ones
Explanation:
We already know that the sour and bitter tastes of food are due to acids and bases, respectively, present in them. There are other indicators used to differentiate between acids and bases.
Also learn about the chemical nature of acids and bases.
Some of the different reactions of acids and bases are:
When an acid reacts with a metal, hydrogen gas is evolved and a corresponding salt is formed.
When a base reacts with a metal, along with the evolution of hydrogen gas a salt is formed which has a negative ion composed of the metal and oxygen.
When an acid reacts with a metal carbonate or metal hydrogen carbonate, it gives the corresponding salt, carbon dioxide gas and water.
Acidic and basic solutions in water conduct electricity because they produce hydrogen and hydroxide ions respectively.
The strength of an acid or an alkali can be tested by using a scale called the pH scale (0-14) which gives the measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. A neutral solution has a pH of exactly 7, while an acidic solution has a pH less than 7 and a basic solution a pH more than 7.
Also learn about the preparation and properties of Bleaching powder, Washing soda, Plaster of paris, Common salt, Sodium hydroxide and Baking soda.
Acids
Acids is defined as the one which produces hydrogen ions in water. For Example, Sulphuric Acid, Hydrochloric Acid etc.
They give sour taste.
Acids turn blue litmus to red. This is used as confirmation test for the presence of acid.
When acids react with metals, gases are evolved.
Reactions with Acids
1. Reaction of Acid with Metal
Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas
Mg + H2 SO4 → H2 + Mg SO4
2. Reaction of Acid with Carbonates
Na2 CO3 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
3. Reaction of Acid with Bicarbonates
NaHCO3 (s) + HCl (aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
Similarity between Acids and Bases
Both acids and base react with water. They produce ions in water
Both acids and bases acts as electrolytes, so are good conductors of electricity.
Both of them changes the colour of the litmus paper.
Classification of Acids
Acids are classified as Organic Acids and Mineral Acids. Acids which are derived from plants and animals, they are known as Organic Acids. For Example, Citric Acid from fruit. Mineral acids are inorganic acids such as Sulphuric Acid. They are dangerous to be used, so need more precautions.
Acids are also classified as Strong Acids or Weak Acids. Strong acid is an acid, that completely dissociates into ions in aqueous solutions. For Example, Sulphuric Acid, Hydrochloric Acid.
Sulphuric Acid
Weak acid is the one which does not dissociate completely into ions in aqueous solutions. For Example, Acetic Acid.
Acetic Acid.
Acids can also be as Dilute Acid and Concentrated Acids. The one which has low concentration of acids in aqueous solution, they are known as Dilute Acids whereas the one which has high concentration of acids in aqueous solution, are known as Concentrated Acids.
It is advisable to add acid to water and not vice versa because large amount of heat is released if water is added to acid. This released heat is large enough to cause harm.
Acids can also be classified based on number of hydrogen ions. Monoprotic acid is the one which gives one mole of hydrogen ions per mole of acid, such as HCl. Diprotic Acid is the one which produces two mole of hydrogen ions per mole of acid. For Example, H2SO4.
Bases
Bases are the one which produces hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions. Bases which are water soluble they are known as Alkalis.
They turn red litmus to blue.
They have a bitter taste.
They also produced carbon-dioxide when reacted with carbonates.
They also evolved hydrogen gas when bases react with metals.
Reactions of Bases
1. Reaction with Metals
Base reacts with metals and produce hydrogen gas.
2NaOH + Zn → Na2 → Na2ZnO2 + H2
2. Reaction with Acids
Base reacts with acids to form salts. For Example,
KOH + HCl → KCl + H2O
3. Reaction with Non-metallic Oxides
Base reacts with non-metallic oxides to form salt and water.
2NaOH + CO2 → CO2 → Na2CO3 + H2O
Classification of Bases
Bases are classified as Strong Base and Weak Base. Strong base is the one which dissociates completely into its ions in aqueous solution. For Example, NaOH.
Weak base is the one which does not dissociate completely into its ions in aqueous solutions. For Example, Ammonium Hydroxide, NH4OH
Bases are also classified as Dilute Base and Concentrated Base. The solution which has low concentration of base in aqueous solution is defined as Dilute Base whereas the one which has high concentration of base in aqueous solution is known as Concentrated Base.