plz can u help me...? find this answers.
a) Define database schema and a database state and discuss the difference between them. b) Describe the three schema architecture.
c) Explain the logical data independence and physical data independence?
d) Differentiate Database system and DBMS
e) Discuss the main characteristics of the database approach and how differs from the traditional file system?
f) Write short notes on any four of the following using examples where necessary.
I. Numeric and Textual Databases
II. Multimedia Databases
IIl. Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
IV. Data Warehouses
V. Real Time and Active Databases
Answers
Answer:
Data Independence is defined as a property of DBMS that helps you to change the Database schema at one level of a database system without requiring to change the schema at the next higher level. Data independence helps you to keep data separated from all programs that make use of it.
You can use this stored data for computing and presentation. In many systems, data independence is an essential function for components of the system.
Yeah sure
1. A database schema or an intention gives a description of the database. ... In other words, it describes the organization and structure of data in a database system, along with the relationships mapped between the entities. A database state provides the present state of the database and its data.
2. The three schema architecture is also called ANSI/SPARC architecture or three-level architecture. This framework is used to describe the structure of a specific database system. The three schema architecture is also used to separate the user applications and physical database.
3. Logical data independence: The ability to change the logical (conceptual) schema without changing the External schema (User View) is called logical data independence. ... Physical data independence: The ability to change the physical schema without changing the logical schema is called physical data independence.
4. A collection of related pieces of data, whose purpose is to solve the data management needs of an institution is called a Database. Database Management Systems (DBMS), on the other hand, are very complex software which save the data on the secondary storage devices and which are used to manipulate databases.
5. Characteristics and Benefits of a Database
Self-describing nature of a database system. ...
Insulation between program and data. ...
Support for multiple views of data. ...
Sharing of data and multiuser system. ...
Control of data redundancy. ...
Data sharing. ...
Enforcement of integrity constraints. ...
Restriction of unauthorized access.
6. Textual-numeric databases include various kinds of directories and handbooks; in general , summary-type information, and facts and figures. Especially in the field of business information there has been an explosive increase in the numbers of these databases.
A geographic information system (GIS) is a framework for gathering, managing, and analyzing data. Rooted in the science of geography, GIS integrates many types of data. It analyzes spatial location and organizes layers of information into visualizations using maps and 3D scenes.
In computing, a data warehouse (DW or DWH), also known as an enterprise data warehouse (EDW), is a system used for reporting and data analysis and is considered a core component of business intelligence. DWs are central repositories of integrated data from one or more disparate sources.
A real-time database is a database system which uses real-time processing to handle workloads whose state is constantly changing. This differs from traditional databases containing persistent data, mostly unaffected by time. For example, a stock market changes very rapidly and is dynamic.
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