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Answer:
Anatomic features
The thoracic cavity in the rhesus monkey extends from the thoracic inlet to the 14th thoracolumbar segment dorsally and just caudal to the 7th sternebrae ventrally (Silverman and Morgan, 1980a). The adult rhesus macaque thorax is wedge-shaped, deep sagitally, and broader dorsally than ventrally. The macaque's thorax is more elongated craniocaudally than the dog's thorax.
The costodiaphragmatic angle is sharp; the right costodiaphragmatic angle is sometimes located more caudally than the left (Silverman and Morgan, 1980a).
The mediastinum is complete. The thymus is bilobed in the macaque; therefore, the thymic “sail sign” may be visualized on both sides of the mediastinum in young animals. The mediastinum in the adult macaque is concave bilaterally on the frontal radiograph and is similar to the cat's mediastinum. Irregularities of the paravertebral mediastinal stripe on the frontal projections are considered an abnormal finding and are usually caused by mediastinal lymphadenopathy (Silverman and Morgan, 1980a).
2) When the pulmonary valve is missing or does not work well, blood does not flow efficiently to the lungs to get enough oxygen.
In most cases, there is also a hole between the left and right ventricles of the heart (ventricular septal defect). This defect will also lead to low-oxygen blood being pumped out to the body.
The skin will have a blue appearance (cyanosis), because the body's blood contains a low amount of oxygen.
Absent pulmonary valve also results in very enlarged (dilated) branch pulmonary arteries (the arteries that carry blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen). They can become so enlarged that they press on the tubes that bring the oxygen into the lungs (bronchi). This causes breathing problems.
Other heart defects that can occur with absent pulmonary valve include:
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