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Answers
Let’s say that the magnetic field is pointing UP in front of you and you send the charged particle forwards into this field.
If the particle curves to the RIGHT when it enters the field, the the particle had a positive charge.
If the particle curves to the LEFT when it enters the field, the the particle had a negative charge.
These results come from using the magnetic force equation F = Q(v x B) and the Right Hand Rule for directions for the Cross Product of vectors.
If the particle enters the field at an angle other than 0° and 90°, we can resolve the velocity into two components, one along the magnetic field, the other perpendicular to it. The vertical component makes the particle move in a circle but the horizontal component makes it move in a horizontal direction as well. So the path is a helix. The more the horizontal component, the more stretched is the helix.
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