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Answer 1

Answer:

When forming compounds, it is important to know something about the way atoms will react with each other. One of the most important manners in which atoms and/or molecules react with each other is the oxidation/reduction reaction. Oxidation/Reduction reactions are the processes of losing and gaining electrons respectively. Just remember, "LEO the lion says GER:" Lose Electrons Oxidation, Gain Electrons Reduction. Oxidation numbers are assigned to atoms and compounds as a way to tell scientists where the electrons are in a reaction. It is often referred to as the "charge" on the atom or compound. The oxidation number is assigned according to a standard set of rules. They are as follows:

An atom of a pure element has an oxidation number of zero.

For single atoms in an ion, their oxidation number is equal to their charge.

Fluorine is always -1 in compounds.

Cl, Br, and I are always -1 in compounds except when they are combined with O or F.

H is normally +1 and O is normally -2.

The oxidation number of a compound is equal to the sum of the oxidation numbers for each atom in the compound.

Forming Ionic Compounds

Knowing the oxidation number of a compound is very important when discussing ionic compounds. Ionic compounds are combinations of positive and negative ions. They are generally formed when nonmetals and metals bond. To determine which substance is formed, we must use the charges of the ions involved. To make a neutral molecule, the positive charge of the cation (positively-charged ion) must equal the negative charge of the anion (negatively-charged ion). In order to create a neutral charged molecule, you must combine the atoms in certain proportions. Scientists use subscripts to identify how many of each atom makes up the molecule. For example, when combining magnesium and nitrogen we know that the magnesium ion has a "+2" charge and the nitrogen ion has a "-3" charge. To cancel these charges, we must have three magnesium atoms for every two nitrogen atoms:

3Mg2+ + 2N3- --> Mg3N2

Knowledge of the charges of ions is crucial to knowing the formulas of the compounds formed.

alkalis (1st column elements) form "+1" ions such as Na+ and Li+

alkaline earth metals (2nd column elements) form "2+" ions such as Mg2+ and Ba2+

halogens (7th column elements) form "-1" ions such as Cl- and I-