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Answers
Short answers
1) Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization. It is so named because Harappa was the first site of Indus Valley discovered in 1920s.
2) Most Indus cities were very well planned as the streets cut each other at right angles and houses were built on both side of the street in a planned way. The excavation of the site proved that houses, sttreets, drainage system and sanitation were well planned.
3) Dholavira was divided in a citadel, middle town and a lower town unlike the others. In this way , Dholavira was different from other indus cities.
4) Scholars believe that the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilization was caused by climate change. Some experts believe the drying of the Saraswati River, which began around 1900 BCE, was the main cause for climate change, while others conclude that a great flood struck the area,
Long answers
1) The area of this civilization extended along the Indus River from what today is northeast Afghanistan, into Pakistan and northwest India. The Indus Civilization was the most widespread of the three early civilizations of the ancient world, along with Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro were thought to be the two great cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, emerging around 2600 BCE along the Indus River Valley in the Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan.
2) Most cities of the Indus Valley civilisation were divided into two parts, i.e. the citadel and the lower town. The Lower Town is organised on a grid system with four avenues running from north to south and four running from east to west. It was believe that it was probably where most of the people in the city lived and worked. Most of the homes are made of baked bricks. Many homes had specific rooms for bathing. These rooms had floors made from baked bricks or tiles and drains which emptied into the drains in the street outside. People had access to clean water either from wells within their homes or from public wells in the streets.
3) The Great Bath is part of a large citadel complex that was found in the 1920s during excavations of Mohenjo-daro, one of the main centres of the Indus civilization. The Great Bath was mainly used for religious practice, but sometimes for bathing. The Bath of Mohenjo-Daro is one of the oldest structures in the ancient world, it is believed to have been built 4500 years ago. Water from an adjacent well was used to fill the pool with fresh water, and an outlet in the corner was used to drain dirty water. It was made up of baked bricks and was made watertight with a layer of bitumen or natural tar.
4) The most unique aspect of planning during the Indus Valley civilization was the system of underground drainage. The main sewer, 1.5 meters deep and 91 cm across, connected to many north-south and east-west sewers. Commoner houses had baths and drains that emptied into underground soakage jars. Sewage was disposed through underground drains built with precisely laid bricks, and a sophisticated water management system with numerous reservoirs was established. In the drainage systems, drains from houses were connected to wider public drains.
5) Agriculture was the main occupation of the Indus Valley people. Crops such as wheat, barley, peas and bananas were raised. In the olden days, there was enough rain in that region and occasional floods brought a great deal of fertile soil to the area. There were Goldsmiths who made gold and silver jewellery. They practice agriculture, domestication of animals and trade and commerce. The were good craftsmen who made different things. There would have been skilled artisans and craftsmen, builders, carpenters, metalworkers, leather workers, weavers, and of course potters, much beautiful pottery has been discovered in the Indus Valley.