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What is the difference between hieroglyphics and cuneiform?
Differences (assuming you meant Egyptian hieroglyphs):
- Languages: Egyptian only (over 3,000 years) for hieroglyphs, lots of languages for cuneiform - from the original Sumerian to Semitic languages like Akkadian to IndoEuropean like Persian or Hittite.
- Writing medium: stone carvings /papyrus vs. clay tablets. This gives each script its unique visual characteristics. It makes them appear more different than they really are.
- Consonants only vs. syllabic. Egyptian hieroglyphs matches the later Semitic tradition of normally not indicating the vowels - you have one, two, three consonant signs and word signs + determinatives. Cuneiform was designed for a nonsemitic language and recorded vowels from the get-go. This actually sometimes enables us to reconstruct vowels in ancient Egyptian (from e.g. transcriptions of Egyptian words in contemporary cuneiform texts) or cross-check our reconstructions from Coptic.
But while these are the differences, it is also helpful to consider the similarities:
- Complex writing systems with a combination of phonetic and meaning components (determinatives) in most words - Just like modern Chinese :-) Out of 5,000 years of recorded history, the first 2,000 were entirely relying on complex scripts and the next 3,000 at least partially so (Sinosphere).
- Hugely influential over millennia - Cuneiform got adapted to at least a dozen languages - and Egyptian hieroglyphs ultimately inspired our alphabet (albeit in a very limited subset) and the Meroitic alphabet
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