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Answer:
1. Characteristics of development
- Different people have different developmental goals.
- Development involves the thinking about the questions and about the ways in which we can work forwards achieving our desired goals.
- Development for one may not be development for other. It may even be destructive for other.
- The idea of development has always been with us, when we desires about what we would like to do.
2. Income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use. Quality of life also depends on non-material things like equal treatment, freedom, security, respect of others etc.
Example – A person may be in job which gives him high pay, but there is no security in his job and leaves him with no time for family. So, In this case, high income is important as the person has no feeling of security and expert.
3. The per capita income of a country is the total national income (GDP) divided by total population. It is used to compare the development of countries by the World Bank. The country with higher per capita income implies that it's people are earning more on an average and this is considered as indicator of the higher development. However, this hides the fact that their may be wide disparities in the earning of people, which implies inadequate social development.
4. Middle Eastern countries have become rich only with the resources available and they have high per capita income due to the oil production. So, they have only one major source of income.
5. Define the following terms
1) Per capita income – Per capita income is the national income divided by population size. Per capita income (PCI) or average income measures the average income earned by a person in a given area (city, region, country etc.) in a specified year.
2) Net attendance ratio – Net attendance ratio is defined as the ratio of the number of persons in official age group attending any educational institution in a particular class group to the total number of persons in the age - group.
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