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Awareness about tobacco consumption and cancer.. In english (bio)
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According to the WHO, 6 million people die because of tobacco smoking and an estimated 600,000 individuals lose their lives due to second-hand smoke globally each year.[1] A recent study found that smoking is related to about 20% adult mortality around the world.[2] It is projected that smoking will cause the death of 8 million people every year by 2030 and 80% of these deaths will occur in low- and middle-income countries.[3] Smoking is associated with increased the risk of cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases, stroke, and cancers of many organs of the body such as mouth, larynx, lungs, kidneys, cervix, and pancreas.[4]
There are significant negative impacts of smoking on health-care system and society[5] causing huge direct health-care expenditures and indirect costs in the form of the loss of productivity and income for families.[6] The economic burden of smoking accounts for 15% of health care costs in developed countries, and 1% of gross domestic product is consumed for direct health care costs and US$151 billion for indirect expenses every year in the United States.[7] Tobacco consumption is alarming in Saudi Arabia as it is ranked fourth worldwide in terms of tobacco sale, and high proportion of males students (32.7%) smoke in the country.[8]
Large body of epidemiological evidence reveals that smoking is related to oral conditions which include periodontal disease, gingival recession, tooth loss, dental caries, staining of teeth, halitosis, benign mucosal conditions, and precancerous and malignant oral lesions.[9] Smokers live approximately 10 years lesser than never smokers,[10] and smoking cessation efforts can reduce 97% risk of death associated with continuing smoking before the age of 30 years.[11] This underscores the importance of increasing the awareness about the negative consequences of smoking among adolescents so that morbidities, mortalities, and oral and systematic health inequalities resulting from smoking can be prevented at an earlier age.
Adolescents are vulnerable to starting smoking and becoming addicted to nicotine because they go through rapid hormonal and cognitive changes during their adolescence and they are influenced by cultural, social, familial, and behavioral factors.[12] It is estimated that about 5.6 million American adolescents will die prematurely due to diseases caused by smoking.[13] Adolescent smokers are likely to become addicted to nicotine, and about 90% of adult smokers used to smoke regularly during their adolescence.[14]
The factors that lead adolescents to start smoking include advertising of cigarettes,[15] stress, low self-esteem, poor academic performance, and occurrence of smoking among parents and other family members, friends, and staff at school.[16,17] Moreover, research indicates that initiation of smoking is associated with the perception of risks and benefits of smoking[18] It was found that adolescents with low perception about the long term risks related to smoking were 3.64 times more likely to smoke compared with those who had high perception of smoking related risks.[19] However, the question that whether the awareness about the adverse effects of smoking on oral health has any influence on smoking behaviors among schoolchildren was unclear.
Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate an association between the awareness about smoking effects on oral health and probability of smoking among schoolchildren.
There are significant negative impacts of smoking on health-care system and society[5] causing huge direct health-care expenditures and indirect costs in the form of the loss of productivity and income for families.[6] The economic burden of smoking accounts for 15% of health care costs in developed countries, and 1% of gross domestic product is consumed for direct health care costs and US$151 billion for indirect expenses every year in the United States.[7] Tobacco consumption is alarming in Saudi Arabia as it is ranked fourth worldwide in terms of tobacco sale, and high proportion of males students (32.7%) smoke in the country.[8]
Large body of epidemiological evidence reveals that smoking is related to oral conditions which include periodontal disease, gingival recession, tooth loss, dental caries, staining of teeth, halitosis, benign mucosal conditions, and precancerous and malignant oral lesions.[9] Smokers live approximately 10 years lesser than never smokers,[10] and smoking cessation efforts can reduce 97% risk of death associated with continuing smoking before the age of 30 years.[11] This underscores the importance of increasing the awareness about the negative consequences of smoking among adolescents so that morbidities, mortalities, and oral and systematic health inequalities resulting from smoking can be prevented at an earlier age.
Adolescents are vulnerable to starting smoking and becoming addicted to nicotine because they go through rapid hormonal and cognitive changes during their adolescence and they are influenced by cultural, social, familial, and behavioral factors.[12] It is estimated that about 5.6 million American adolescents will die prematurely due to diseases caused by smoking.[13] Adolescent smokers are likely to become addicted to nicotine, and about 90% of adult smokers used to smoke regularly during their adolescence.[14]
The factors that lead adolescents to start smoking include advertising of cigarettes,[15] stress, low self-esteem, poor academic performance, and occurrence of smoking among parents and other family members, friends, and staff at school.[16,17] Moreover, research indicates that initiation of smoking is associated with the perception of risks and benefits of smoking[18] It was found that adolescents with low perception about the long term risks related to smoking were 3.64 times more likely to smoke compared with those who had high perception of smoking related risks.[19] However, the question that whether the awareness about the adverse effects of smoking on oral health has any influence on smoking behaviors among schoolchildren was unclear.
Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate an association between the awareness about smoking effects on oral health and probability of smoking among schoolchildren.
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EFFECTS OF TOBACCO CONSUMPTION:
Death in the world, Tobacco has put itself at the top of social problems. Looking though out history, tobacco was widely accepted in American society as well as all around the world. There were three major changes in society that aided in the transformation of tobacco from a social norm into a major social issue. The major changes of technology enhancement of cigarette production, society’s views on tobacco intake, and the improvements of scientific knowledge on health issues tobacco causes have all.
hope it helps you friend ♡♡
Death in the world, Tobacco has put itself at the top of social problems. Looking though out history, tobacco was widely accepted in American society as well as all around the world. There were three major changes in society that aided in the transformation of tobacco from a social norm into a major social issue. The major changes of technology enhancement of cigarette production, society’s views on tobacco intake, and the improvements of scientific knowledge on health issues tobacco causes have all.
hope it helps you friend ♡♡
I hope this helps you friend
Thnx
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