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Answer 1

1) Weathering is a process in which rocks get disintegrated into smaller particles or get decomposed at or near the surface of the Earth. For example, biological weathering. Denudation is a long term process in which the wearing and tearing of the surface of the Earth takes place. It results in reduction in the elevation and relief of landforms and landscapes. For example, the Aravalli Mountains have been denuded due to the action of the winds.
Another difference between the two processes is that while weathering is one of the several processes of denudation; the denudation itself include several processes like weathering, erosion and mass wasting.

2) Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their composition. Ice wedging and abrasion are two important processes of mechanical weathering. Chemical weathering breaks down rocks by forming new minerals that are stable at the Earth's surface.

3) Soil Erosion: The removal of upper layer of the soil by the running water and wind is called soil erosion. The destruction of the soil cover is described as soil erosion. ... Soil conservation is a methodology to maintain soil fertility, prevent soil erosion and exhaustion, and improve the degraded condition of the soil.

4) Soil horizons are layers within a soil. Different soil horizons show different amounts of alteration. Soil profiles reveal the different layers of soil...

Answer 2

1) soil horizon :

A soil horizon is a layer parallel to the soil surface whose physical, chemical and biological characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath. Horizons are defined in many cases by obvious physical features, mainly colour and texture.

2) weathering :

Weathering is the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on Earths surface. ... Weathering describes the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the surface of the Earth. Water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and changes in temperature are all agents of weathering.

3) denudation :

Weathering is the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on Earths surface. ... Weathering describes the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the surface of the Earth. Water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and changes in temperature are all agents of weathering.

4) metamorphic :

A metamorphic rock is a type of rock which has been changed by extreme heat and pressure. Its name is from 'morph' (meaning form), and 'meta' (meaning change). ... Marble is a metamorphic rock formed from limestone. Slate is a metamorphic mudstone or shale.

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