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Verified Answer:
First of all the elements having outer shell
s or p belongs to s & p block of modern periodic table respectively.
But if the elements have not only s or p shell but also d shell in outer electronic configuration they will be placed in the D block of the modern periodic table.
And if the elements have not only s shell but also d and f shell in their outer electronic configuration, they will be placed in f block of modern periodic table.
TO DETERMINE THE PERIOD
In case of each and every elements the number 'n' indicate the number of period. Such as element with a configuration having 2s²2p² is place in 2nd period.
TO DETERMINE THE GROUP
If the element is placed in s block then elements having outer electronic configuration ns1 is placed in 1st group and ns2 is placed in 2nd group.
(i) If the element is placed in p block then elements having outer electronic configuration ns²np¹to ns²np⁶, to determine the group you have to add 12 with the number of electrons present in p shell . Such as 4s²4p⁴ is placed in group (4+12)= 16
(ii) If the element is placed in d block i.e. elements having outer electronic configuration (n-1)d²ns² i.e. 3d²4s²( n=4) is placed in group (2+2)= 4 . Actually to determine group of d block elements we have to add number of electrons in d shell with .Although d block contain many exception.
(iii)If the element is placed in f block the group is always 3. Such as (n-2)f⁷(n-1)d¹ns² for n=6 the group is 3.
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