plz tell me plzzzz what is bandhua majdoor
Answers
Explanation:
वह व्यक्ति जो लिए हुए ऋण को चुकाने के बदले ऋणदाता के लिए श्रम करता है या सेवाएँ देता है, बँधुआ मजदूर (Debt bondage या bonded labor) कहलाता है। इन्हें 'अनुबद्ध श्रमिक' या 'बंधक मज़दूर' भी कहते हैं। कभी-कभी बंधुआ मजदूरी एक पीढी से दूसरी पीढ़ी तक चलती रहती है।
प्राचीन यूनान में बंधुआ मजदूरी बहुत प्रचलित थी। वर्तमान समय में अनुबद्ध श्रम सबसे अधिक दक्षिण एशिया होता है। बंधुआ मजदूरी को समाप्त करने के उद्देश्य से भारत में सन् १९७६ में कानून बनाकर इसे अवैध घोषित किया गया।
Answer:
Explanation:
Debt bondage in India or Bandhua Mazdoori (बंधुआ मज़दूरी) was legally abolished in 1976 but remains prevalent due to weak enforcement by the government.[1] Bonded labour is a system in which lenders force their borrowers to repay loans through labor.[1] Additionally, these debts often take a large amount of time to pay off and are unreasonably high, propagating a cycle of generational inequality.[2] This is due to the typically high interest rates on the loans given out by employers.[3] Although debt bondage is considered to be a voluntary form of labor, people are forced into this system by social situations.[2]
Debt bondage has deep roots in Indian history, dating back to India's colonial days under French and British rule.[4] On a more recent note, according to the 2016 Global Slavery Index, India has the 4th most slaves with 19 million Indians enslaved in some form, including debt bondage.[2] Many Indians enter debt bondage to reduce alternative risks of financial burden and violence.[3] Additionally, the Indian caste system has led to social inequality and corruption which collectively allow this system to persist.[2][5] Agricultural and brick kiln workers, including child laborers, are the main Indians involved in this practice.[6][7] Although the Indian government has committed to awarding compensations for freed workers[8], most workers face negative consequences such as further inequality and health effects, which often results in these laborers committing suicide.[9][10]
The rise of Dalit activism, government legislation starting as early as 1949, as well as ongoing work by NGOs and government offices to enforce labour laws and rehabilitate those in debt, appears to have contributed to the reduction of bonded labour in India.[11] Additionally, both domestic and international organizations have been involved in the legal and rehabilitation process of ending this practice.[3][9] However, according to research papers presented by the International Labour Organization, there are still many obstacles to the eradication of bonded labour in India.
History
Before Independence
Workers in colonial India
Although there were far more cases of involuntary slavery in eighteenth and nineteenth century India, the colonial history of India set a precedent for debt bondage.[4] Specifically, Indian slaves were in high demand from colonizing European countries, such as France and England, and many Indians were sent to Australia to reduce the costs and effects of slavery.[4] France, who had an economic and political presence in India, created a system of indentured servitude in the Indian Ocean which about 3,000 Indians were a part of in the 1830s.[4] By 1847, there were over 6500 indentured servants in the Indian Ocean, including those in India.[4] These French settlers traditionally held onto wages which initiated a system of debt bondage.[4] In the second half of the nineteenth century, many Indians successfully formed unions and utilized trials to free these workers.[4] Nevertheless, India felt the impacts of these historical systems of labor in the twentieth century.[4]
In 1935, the British, who ruled India at that time, passed the Government of India Act whose purpose was to develop the Indian economy.[5] Nevertheless, this further stratified the social hierarchy in India, contributing to the debt bondage system.[5] Before India gained independence in 1947, the caste system and hierarchy of land ownership allowed the Indian social system to mirror feudalism.[5] Specifically, members of the high castes in India gave out loans to members of the lower castes.[5] These lenders forced their borrowers to repay these loans through labor.[5] The fact that these borrowers could not purchase land allowed this practice to perpetuate across generations.[5]