plzz answer if anyone knows
Answers
Answer:
please mark as brainliest answer and give a thanks too ....it took me a long time....i made it shorter coz it isn't accepting more than 500 words..
Explanation:
The state of Madhya Pradesh has seen rapid urbanisation in the past two decades. The lack of livelihood opportunities, especially in sectors like agriculture, coupled with restrictions imposed on the use of forests, has resulted in the migration of the poor from rural areas to cities.
Urban areas have come to symbolise, and apparently seem to provide, better income and employment opportunities. However, the people who move in to access these opportunities tend to remain on the socio-economic margins, struggling to meet the most basic requirements of life and livelihood. One of the most intense struggles is for food. In recent times there has been some attempt to highlight the extent of malnutrition among the poor, but the focus has largely been on rural areas. The urban situation remains under-explored, but it is very relevant particularly in the context of the food security legislation the government is poised to introduce.
Bhopal, capital of Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh was formed in 1956 with Bhopal as its capital. From the time of its formation Bhopal has been predominantly urban. There are two occurrences in the more recent history of Bhopal which have ensured that it is remembered in history. The first was the century-long reign by Muslim women rulers, from 1819 to 1926. The foundation of the city was laid and developed during their reign. After independence, this older part of Bhopal has been neglected as almost all economic and infrastructural development and geographic spread shifted to the newer parts of the city.
The second event of importance was the dark tragedy that resulted from a leak of toxic gas from the Union Carbide factory in 1984, killing thousands and disabling several more. It has been designated one of the worst industrial disasters in the history of the world. As horrific as the disaster itself has been the 25-year-long struggle for justice that the people affected by the poisonous fumes have been forced to wage. Punitive action against the company and adequate compensation and health measures for the affected are still elusive. Population growth rates in the city were affected by the gas disaster but there has been a steady increase over the past decade reflecting trends similar to those at the national level.
An analysis of population growth trends recorded in the national census between 1991 and 2001 shows that the annual average growth rate of the country was 2%, that of its urban population 3%, while the slum population rose by 5-6% with more that 90 million people living in urban poor settlements. Most development professionals consider the census estimates extremely conservative, but even going by these estimates, the urban poor population in the next couple of decades would reach 200 million.
In Bhopal in recent times, a large number of settlements have come up on the periphery of the main slums and on the outskirts of the city. According to the Planning Commission, more than 42% of the urban population of Madhya Pradesh is designated Below Poverty Line (BPL), compared to 37% in rural areas. It must also be noted that urban poverty has actually increased in the five-year period between 2000 and 2005. Further, the nutritional status of people in urban areas by and large presents a dismal picture. According to the National Sample Survey (NSS) 61st round report, 70.1% of persons in urban areas of the country consume below the NSS intake calorie norm when compared to 61.3% of their rural counterparts.
According to the Census of India 2001, Bhopal has a population of approximately 14.34 lakh. Estimates show that more than one-third of this population is poor. According to a Situational Analysis of Poverty Pockets in Bhopal carried out by Water Aid, UN Habitat and Bhopal Municipal Corporation in 2006, Bhopal has a slum population of 1,28,170 households living in 380 slums. According to the Directorate of Food and Civil Supplies, Government of Madhya Pradesh, 1,22,076 families were issued BPL cards in keeping with their economic status in the year 1997-98. The average size of households in Bhopal city was 5.2 (Census 2001), putting the slum population at over 6 lakh according to either of the above estimates.
The state of Madhya Pradesh has seen rapid urbanisation in the past two decades. The lack of livelihood opportunities, especially in sectors like agriculture, coupled with restrictions imposed on the use of forests, has resulted in the migration of the poor from rural areas to cities.