Question

plzz do que.21 with it's optional too

Answer 1

(a)- Answer:-

Aldehydes are usually more reactive toward nucleophilic substitutions than ketones because of both steric and electronic effects. In aldehydes, the relatively small hydrogen atom is attached to one side of the carbonyl group, while a larger R group is affixed to the other side.

(b)- Answer:-

The carbonyl carbon in ketones and aldehydes is more electrophilic than in carboxylic acids.This is because the lone pairs on oxygen atom attached to hydrogen atom in the -COOH group are involved in resonance thereby making the carbon atom less electrophilic.

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