Question

plzz give me answer urgently

Answer 1

The following points highlight the top sixteen minerals found in India. The minerals are: 1. Coal 2. Mineral Oil (Petroleum Crude) 3. Natural Gas 4. Iron ore 5. Manganese Ore 6. Chromite 7. Copper 8. Bauxite 9. Mica 10. Lead and Zinc 11. Gold 12. Nickel 13. Limestone 14. Gypsum 15. Sulphur and Pyrite and 16. Other Minerals.

Mineral # 1. Coal:

Coal is one of the basic minerals and one of the major sources of energy consumption in the country. The total workable reserves of coal throughout the country are estimated at 1, 96,892 million tonnes.

In India, the major coal fields are situated in Bengal, Bihar region (Raniganj, Jharia, Bokaro, Karanpur), Madhya Pradesh (Pench, Kanchan, Bisrampur, Zillmil, Singaulli, Korba), Maharashtra (Kampti), Orissa (Talcher), Andhra Pradesh (Singreni), Assam (Margherita, Lidu, Lankadaman, Makum, Nazira, Jaipur) and Meghalaya (Dainggiri, Rang Greng Giri, Bapung and Zorang).

Mineral # 2. Mineral Oil (Petroleum Crude):

Petroleum is now-a-days considered as a major source of energy and thus it is popularly known as liquid gold. Petro-chemical industries are getting their basic raw materials from mineral oil. With the substantial growth in the industrial and transportation activities, the demand for petroleum products has been increasing day by day.



Total consumption of petroleum products has increased from 5 million tonnes in 1956 to 119.6 million tonnes in 2006-2007.

Out of this total consumption only 28.4 per cent of this present consumption is met by domestic production and remaining part (i.e., 71.6 per cent) is met through import of crude oil. It is estimated that by 2015, the petroleum need of the country is likely to touch 225 million tonnes considering its growing demand.

Just after attaining independence, the total production of indigenous crude in India was meagre in quantity and thus to meet the growing demand of petroleum products the country has to depend largely on imports. In the mean time, the country had developed a petroleum use oriented industrial and transportation system which had a little justification at the point of time.

Mineral # 3. Natural Gas:

India is also well blessed by nature in respect of natural gas. ONGC and OIL are taking necessary steps for the exploration of gas reserves in India. In 2006-07, the net balance recoverable reserves of gas (free and associated) were estimated at about 1090 billion cubic metres.

The proportion of gas reserves in India to the world gas reserves was estimated at only 0.5 per cent. In India, the total production of natural gas was 7.23 billion cubic metres in 1984-85 and then it finally rose to 31.75 billion cubic metres in 2006- 2007.

Moreover, as the 0.95 billion cubic metres of gas was flared up thus the net production of gas was estimated at 30.8 billion cubic metres. Huge reserves of natural gas are mostly available in South Basin of West Coast of India, Assam, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Tanot in Jaisalmer basin of Rajastan and also ill the Bombay High region.

By 2011-2012, the total production of natural gas was 52.2 billion cubic metres. ONGC has recently made a huge gas find in Bay of Bengal with initial estimated reserve of 21 trillion cubic feet.