Question

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Answer 1

Answer:

An impression persists that India has “always been an agricultural country and that the people of India are, by nature and tradition deficient in industrial and commercial enterprise……. “ It is true, agriculture has been the main industry in India.

It is also true that India, in the past, was not an industrial country in the modern sense of the term. However, the contention that India never had any industries at all can be easily refuted by reference to her past history.

According to Baines, “The birth place of cotton manufacture is India where it probably flourished long before the dawn of authentic history”. Mummies in Egyptian tombs dating from 2000 B.C. were found wrapped in Indian muslins of the finest quality. The Muslin of Decca was known to the ancient Greeks by the name of ‘Gangetika’—a word suggestive of its origin from the banks of the Ganges.

The Iron industry not only supplied all local wants, but also enabled India to export its finished products to foreign countries….cutlery to England and its famous Damascus blades to Syria.

Bernier, who visited India in the reign of Shah Jahan, marveled at the incredible quantity of manufactured goods while Travernier dwelt, with wonder, on the marvelous Peacock throne, (the natural colours of the Peacock’s tail worked out in jewels), of carpets of silk and gold, and satins with streaks of gold and silver, an endless list of exquisite works of mini-carvings and other choice objects of art.

The fact is that “when merchant adventurers from the West made their first appearance in India, the industrial development of this country was, at any rate, not inferior to that of the more advanced European nations.”