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.Sustainable development should be at the core of Developmental activities. Examine the statement
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Answer:
Sustainable Development
Sustainable development is defined as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” The concept of needs goes beyond simply material needs and includes values, relationships, freedom to think, act, and participate, all amounting to sustainable living, morally, and spiritually.
The 30-year journey of four World Summits from Stockholm to Nairobi to Rio and to Johannesburg has put the world on notice that achieving sustainable development in the twenty-first century is not an option but an imperative.
The 1972 UN conference in Stockholm highlighted the concerns for preserving and enhancing the environment and its biodiversity to ensure human rights to a healthy and productive world. The developing countries argued that their priority was development, whereas the developed countries made a case for environmental protection and conservation as the prime issue.
The 1982 Nairobi Summit reviewed the progress in the decade since the Stockholm Conference and called upon national governments to intensify efforts to protect the environment and stressed the need for international cooperation. However, the tensions between Western Governments and the Soviet Union marred progress and commitment toward a Nairobi action plan.
In 1983 the United Nations Commission on Environment and Development was created and in 1987, the Commission issued the Brundtland Report. This report highlighted that equity, growth, and environmental maintenance are simultaneously possible and that each country is capable of achieving its full economic potential while at the same time enhancing its resource base. It emphasized three fundamental components to sustainable development: environmental protection, economic growth, and social equity.
During the period 1972–92, over 200 regional and international agreements and conventions for environmental protection and conservation were adopted. However, most of these agreements were negotiated individually and treated as ‘separate entities’, with many lacking systemic integration within the social, economic, and environmental framework of sustainable development.
In 1992, the Earth Summit brought the world’s governments to deliberate and negotiate an agenda for environment and development in the twenty-first century. At a parallel Global Forum, nongovernmental organizations from around the world also discussed and deliberated strategies for sustainable development. While there was little formal interaction between these two meetings, the world’s civil societies succeeded in having their voices noticed. It was an important step toward future dialog and active participation of civil society in sustainable development regimes from local to global levels.
The Earth Summit unanimously adopted the Agenda 21, a comprehensive blue print of actions toward sustainable development, including detailed work plans, goals, responsibilities, and also estimates for funding. Other important accomplishments included the Rio Declaration, a statement of broad principles to guide national conduct on environmental protection and development, and adoption of treaties on climate change and biodiversity, and forest management principles.
The first principle of the Rio Declaration states “human beings are at the centre of concerns for sustainable development.” The declaration also highlighted the ‘polluter-pays-principle’ and the ‘precautionary principle’, as important considerations for the protection and conservation of nature.
Whether addressing vulnerability to environmental change, responsibility for environmental degradation and loss of biodiversity, or policy priorities, careful consideration of the particular groups of people involved, and their social, economic, and environmental conditions, is essential. Focusing on people – their rights, capabilities, and opportunities – has multiple benefits for individuals, society, and their relationship with the environment.
Agenda 21 pointed out that different populations had ‘common but differentiated responsibilities’ for impacts on the environment. In Rio, the thinking was dominated by the goal of converging trends in different parts of the world. There was the clear hope that the developing countries would catch up, while the rich countries would become increasingly environmentally conscious and curb their excessive consumption and the related pollution and waste. This has not come to pass.
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Explanation:
Sustainable development is defined as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
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