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Write about top 5 inventions in the field of biology after year 2000.
It should be of maximum 10 pages.
Answers
Answer:. Human Genome Mapped
In 2000, scientists from across the world finished a rough draft of the map of the human genome. The final version was realized in 2003. This biological breakthrough was a difficult accomplishment to reach. It took more than 10 years and contributions from hundreds of scientists.
The Human Genome Project reveals in intricate detail exactly what it is that makes us human, showing the placement of every chromosome that contains all the genetic material that makes us who we are. With the information from individual genome maps, scientists can not only discover genetic diseases better, but also uncover new clues about everything from a person’s body odor to that person’s tendencies towards addiction.
4. Stem Cells Created from Mature Skin Cells
In 2007, two separate teams of scientists from Kyoto University and the University of Wisconsin-Madison reverted adult skin cells, so that they could act like pluripotent stem cells. Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into nearly all cells and were previously only found in embryonic stem cells. This new process of creating induced pluripotent stem cells from mature cells changed the “programming” of the cells telling them to become skin in favor of acting like embryonic stem cells that could end up being virtually any kind of cell.
Embryonic stem cells had been one of the most promising areas of medical research with the potential to cure diseases from diabetes to cancer to genetic disorders, but ethical concerns had largely curtailed their use. This discovery allows such research to continue without the ethical concerns or legal restrictions. Also, it allows for biologists to possibly grow replacement organs for people using cells with their own DNA, reducing the probability of organ rejection.
5. Robotic Limbs Fully Controlled by the Brain
In 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the first prosthesis controlled by neural signals from the wearer’s brain for use by the general public. This is the culmination of almost two decades of biomedical research. In 2000, researchers at Duke University Medical Center implanted electrodes in monkeys’ brains to control a robotic arm and pick up food. By 2004, a noninvasive method of picking up brainwaves was developed and being used to control biomedical devices.
In 2009, amputee Pierpaolo Petruzziello became the first person to make complex movements with a robotic limb, including wiggling a finger, grabbing objects, and making a fist, using just his thoughts through a biomechanical hand connected to his arm nerves with electrodes. This technology has developed since and become more widely used by amputees. While more research is still being done to improve the devices, this breakthrough in biology has even greater implications for the biomedical field in the future.
More, Greater Breakthroughs in Biology to Come
As science and technologies continue to advance, more breakthroughs in biology become possible every day. Some are experiments made possible by new technologies, while others are totally new ideas being explored for the first time. The possibilities with biology are endless. Who knows what we will discover next?
Biology will only grow in importance in the next few decades. In fact, biomedical engineering and similar areas of study are some of the fastest growing fields today. It is important to know the basics in order to keep up. If you want to learn more about the fundamentals of biology and explore the possibility of a career in medicine or biology, check out Brainscape’s awesome MCAT biology flashcards. You will learn a ton (and retain it!). Let us know in the comments what other bio breakthroughs fascinate you!
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