points for flora and fauna in tamil nadu and jammu and kashmir
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Flora
The flora of Himalayan Kashmir comprises about 3054 species. About 880 species are found in Ladakh and 506 species found in Jammu. These figures only include the angiosperms, gymnosperms and pteridophytes. The plants of western Himalayas are well known for their medicinal properties. This area is store house of medicinal and aromatic plants which are used in pharmaceutical and perfume industries. The list includes 55 species of important medicinal and aromatic plants. There are 11 medicinal plants in temperate, cold arid regions of J&K. Several medicinal plants grow wild in temperate and alpine habitats. Some medicinal plants have been taken up for cultivation e.g Dioscorea deltoidea is now cultivated for its tubers rich in Diosgenin and yield cortisone, a steroid hormone.
Fauna
The faunal diversity of J&K is diverse due to its unique location and climatic condition. 16% of Indian mammals are present in state including birds, reptiles, amphibians and butterflies. 75 species of mammals belonging to 54 genera, 21 families and 8 orders.Carnivores represents 32% of the total mammalian faun of the state. The total of 19 species of ungulates are reported from the state, 13 have been listed as globally threatened.
The avian diversity of state varies seasonally and available data suggest the existence of as many as 358 species of birds belonging to 179 genera, 51 families under 16 orders. The state is the home of 14 species of amphibians belonging to 6 genera, 5 families and 1 order and 68 species of reptiles belonging to 43 genera, 12 families and 2 orders. The available data suggest that 44 species of fishes belonging to 14 genera under 5 families occur in state. The available data also reveals that as many as 225 species of insects, besides several sub species, belonging to 136 genera, 35 families and 4 orders occur in the state.
RICHNESS OF FAUNAL DIVERSITY IN TAMIL NADU
India is represented by a wide array of faunal species. More than 50,000 species of insects, 4,000 of molluscs, 6,500 of other invertebrates, 2,000 of fishes, 140 of amphibians, 420 of reptiles, 1,200 of birds and 340 of mammals, totalling more than 65,000 species of animals are recorded from the country. Tamil Nadu's faunal biodiversity is equally impressive. Dr. K. Venkataraman of Zoological Survey of India, Chennai has published about 595 species of freshwater faunal, 2,247 species of marine faunal and 1,898 species of terrestrial faunal species in Tamil Nadu. The faunal diversity of the State includes 165 species of fresh water fishes, 76 species of amphibians, 177 species of reptiles, 454 species of birds and 187 species of mammals. According to the CAMP reports the red-listed species include 126 species of fishes, 56 species of amphibians, 77 species of reptiles, 32 species of birds and 40 species of mammals. The endemic fauna includes 36 species of amphibians, 63 species of reptiles, 17 species of birds and 24 species of mammals. Many faunal species have been included in the various schedules of the Wild Life Protection Act 1972, considering their endangered status. Schedule I animals include 22 species of mammals, 42 species of birds and 9 species of reptiles. Schedule II includes 13 species of mammals. Schedule III includes 5 species of mammals and Schedule IV includes 5 species of mammals, 367 species of birds, 109 species of reptiles and 23 species of amphibians. Schedule V incorporates 13 species of mammals and 1 species of birds.
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