Points on symbiotic nitrogen fixation
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Nitrogen is an important nutrient for all plants. While there is an abundance of nitrogen in the atmosphere, plants are unable to convert N2 into a usable form. Fixation of nitrogen gas into ammonia is an ability restricted to nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which contribute most of the inorganic nitrogen to the Earth’s nitrogen cycle.
This chapter explores the importance, evolution and regulation of biological nitrogen fixation, especially of bacteria that have evolved symbiotic associations with higher plant plants. The symbiosis of legumes with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria called rhizobia has become a model for our understanding of plant-microbe interactions.
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This chapter explores the importance, evolution and regulation of biological nitrogen fixation, especially of bacteria that have evolved symbiotic associations with higher plant plants. The symbiosis of legumes with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria called rhizobia has become a model for our understanding of plant-microbe interactions.
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BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION
Botany No Comments
The synthesis of organic nitrogenous compounds from atmospheric nitrogen by certain microorganisms is called biological nitrogen fixation. Higher plants cannot directly utilize molecular nitrogen of the atmosphere. But certain micro-organisms can utilize atmospheric nitrogen. There are two types of nitrogen fixing micro-organisms: Asymbiotic and symbiotic.
(a) ASYMBIOTIC NITROGEN FIXATION
The free living nitrogen fixing organisms are called are asymbiotic – organisms. There are following organisms which fix the atmospheric nitrogen.
Aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria
They are saprophytic organisms. Therefore, they fix nitrogen only in the soil. This soil must have good supply of organic manure. The example of anaerobic bacteria is Clostridium and the example of aerobic bacteria is Azotobacter.
Blue green algae (Cyanobacteria)
Blue green algae are autotrophic photosynthetic organisms. They grow in waterlogged and wet soil like paddy (rice) fields. Members of families Nostocales and Stigonematales are important nitrogen fixture. Some of its examples are:
(a) Anabaena is an important member. It consists of branched
filaments. These filaments arc made up of two types of cells
• Green photosynthetic cells: They fix the atmospheric carbon dioxide and release oxygen during pltotosynthesis.
• Heterocyst: They are slightly enlarged colourless cells.
this is my answer!!!!!!!!
Botany No Comments
The synthesis of organic nitrogenous compounds from atmospheric nitrogen by certain microorganisms is called biological nitrogen fixation. Higher plants cannot directly utilize molecular nitrogen of the atmosphere. But certain micro-organisms can utilize atmospheric nitrogen. There are two types of nitrogen fixing micro-organisms: Asymbiotic and symbiotic.
(a) ASYMBIOTIC NITROGEN FIXATION
The free living nitrogen fixing organisms are called are asymbiotic – organisms. There are following organisms which fix the atmospheric nitrogen.
Aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria
They are saprophytic organisms. Therefore, they fix nitrogen only in the soil. This soil must have good supply of organic manure. The example of anaerobic bacteria is Clostridium and the example of aerobic bacteria is Azotobacter.
Blue green algae (Cyanobacteria)
Blue green algae are autotrophic photosynthetic organisms. They grow in waterlogged and wet soil like paddy (rice) fields. Members of families Nostocales and Stigonematales are important nitrogen fixture. Some of its examples are:
(a) Anabaena is an important member. It consists of branched
filaments. These filaments arc made up of two types of cells
• Green photosynthetic cells: They fix the atmospheric carbon dioxide and release oxygen during pltotosynthesis.
• Heterocyst: They are slightly enlarged colourless cells.
this is my answer!!!!!!!!
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