Pointwise characteristics of bacteria.
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Creating products, such as ethanol and enzymes.
Making drugs, such as antibiotics and vaccines.
Making biogas, such as methane.
Cleaning up oil spills and toxic wastes.
Killing plant pests.
Transferring normal genes to human cells in gene therapy.
Fermenting foods (see Figure below).
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- Size and Shape
Bacteria are so small that they can only be seen with a microscope. When viewed under the microscope, they have three distinct shapes. Bacteria can be identified and classified by their shape:
Bacilli are rod-shaped.
Cocci are sphere-shaped.
Spirilli are spiral-shaped.
other characteristics are
1) lack of membrane-bound organelles,
2) unicellular
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