Polytheism is the belief in one god.
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Christianity, and Islam, which share a common tradition of monotheism, the belief in one God.
Related Topics: Pluralism and monism Nature religion Henotheism God
Sometimes above the many gods a polytheistic religion will have a supreme creator and focus of devotion, as in certain phases of Hinduism (there is also the tendency to identify the many gods as so many aspects of the Supreme Being); sometimes the gods are considered as less important than some higher goal, state, or saviour, as in Buddhism; sometimes one god will prove more dominant than the others without attaining overall supremacy, as Zeus in Greek religion. Typically, polytheistic cultures include belief in many demonic and ghostly forces in addition to the gods, and some supernatural beings will be malevolent; even in monotheistic religions there can be belief in many demons, as in New Testament Christianity.
Zeus
Zeus
Zeus hurling a thunderbolt, bronze statuette from Dodona, Greece, early 5th century BCE; in the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin.
Antikenabteilung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin—Preussischer Kulturbesitz
Polytheism can bear various relationships to other beliefs. It can be incompatible with some forms of theism, as in the Semitic religions; it can coexist with theism, as in Vaishnavism; it can exist at a lower level of understanding, ultimately to be transcended, as in Mahayana Buddhism; and it can exist as a tolerated adjunct to belief in transcendental liberation, as in Theravada Buddhism.
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