polythene has what arrangement of polymer chains?
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Answers
Polymeric Chain
Polymeric chains consisting of reactive species such as hydroxyls and amines, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polylysine, polyallylamine (PAA), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), can be decorated on the GO sheets.
Linkage of Polymers Covalently With Graphene Oxide
Polymeric chains consisting of reactive species such as hydroxyls and amines, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polylysine, polyallylamine (PAA), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), can be decorated on the GO sheets. This combination of polymeric chain/GO offers dispersibility in certain solvents, mechanical strengthening, and several morphological properties in addition to electrical conductivity, chemical reactivity, and chemical reinforcement of mechanical properties. PEG is a biocompatible polymer with superhydrophilic properties used as carrier for delivery of drugs. The PEG–GO nanoplatelets can be obtained by grafting amine-terminated PEG on to the surface of GO through the formation of amide bonds. The resulting product is highly dispersible in water as well as in several aquatic biological solutions such as serum or cell medium. Thus, hydrophobic drugs can be delivered in the biological systems through the PEGylated GO. For example, camptothecin, an organic aromatic molecule with remarkable anticancer properties, can be immobilized on the surface of PEGylated GO through the van der Waals interactions, resulting in overcoming the low solubility in aqueous media. Functionalization of RGO by poly(l-lysine) (PLL) through amidation can be achieved, resulting in an increase in the dispersibility of the PEGylated GO nanoplatelets [28]. PLL is a biocompatible molecule effectively used in promoting cell adhesion, drug delivery, biofuel cells, and DNA electrochemical sensors. The decorated PLL–RGO nanostructures showed improved sensing of hydrogen peroxide. GO sheets can be decorated with PAA through the reaction between amine and epoxy groups, which forms an effective cross-linking of GO sheets. Similarly, GO nanoplatelets can be grafted with PVA via ester bonds between the hydroxyl group of PVA and the carboxylic groups of GO. Formation of these covalent bonds can be achieved directly or via transformation of carboxylates to acyl chlorides. The PVA/GO composite thus formed is dispersible in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and hot water. Furthermore, the obtained PVA/GO composite can be partially reduced by hydrazine. Polyethylene-functionalized GO (PE/GO) can be produced by covalently grafting PE chains onto the surface of GO sheets; the resultant PE/GO displays a unique encapsulating structure stably dispersible in toluene.
The atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) approach is another effective method of producing functionalized GO nanoplatelets with polymers [82]. During this process, polymer chains were directly grown on the surface of GO via living radical polymerization involving covalent attachment of initiator followed by ATRP of various monomers, including styrene, etc. Several nanocomposites, such as poly(methyl methacrylate)–GO, ODA–GO, and PS–RGO were obtained using the ATRP approach.
Answer:
Addition polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(vinyl chloride), and polystyrene are linear or branched polymers with little or no cross-linking. As a result, they are thermoplastic materials, which flow easily when heated and can be molded into a variety of shapes.
Explanation:
did you mean?polyethylene(c2h4)n