Question

Positive ions have smaller radius and negative ions have large radii in comparison of their atoms

Answer 1

When an atom gains an extra electron it becomes an anion (negative ion), while the positively charged nucleus remains same.In the parent atom nucleus is attracting equal no of electrons as their are protons but in an anion protons are attracting more electrons and therefore has less effect. This means with more electrons but the same number of positive protons, the size of the ionic radius will increase. And in a cation nucleus is attracting more electrons and therefore has greater effect. This means that with fewer electrons but the same number of positive protons, the size of the ionic radius will decrease.

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