Question

Potential energy of liquid in capillary tube formula

Answer 1

Potential energy = density × gravity × height

Answer 2

Potential energy of liquid in capillary tube formula $Potential energy = density \times gravity \times height$

Explanation:

• The energy comes from the intermolecular potential energy. Say you have a tube with a liquid in it. Adhesion occurs between the fluid and the wall, pulling the liquid upwards until the gravitational force equals the respective intermolecular pulling force.
• The liquid near the wall is pulled upwards, since that is the region with the adhesion layer. If the tube is narrow enough, that region is the entire cross section, so the whole liquid is pulled until equilibrium is reached.
• Regarding the potential energy, the intermolecular forces are there all the time, but are in equilibrium when the liquid just sits there by itself.
• When it is put in contact with a wall, the balance of forces is disturbed. A resultant force appears until it is balanced by gravity.

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