poverty alleviation measures adopted by government in India. Explain also
Answers
Jawahar
Gram Saridhi Yojana (JGSY) or Jawahar Rojgar Yojana of 1999 was to construct
roads among villages and develop villages. The rural areas were connected with main roads
and state and national highways.
National old age pensions scheme (NAOPS) gives pension to poor old people above 65 years, that do not have any means to sustain themselves. Integrated Rural development Program IRDP (1978 onwards) provides finance (credit) from financial institutions and then subsidy from the government for materials or infrastructure. Some self-helping groups are given this benefit. They could take these and produce some products and then sell them. The profit would be shared by the group members. Women, physically challenged persons, scheduled castes and tribes were given priority. This scheme also aims at imparting skills to people. Agricultural labourers, artisans and farmers were targeted.
Under a scheme of IRDA rural skilled artisans were proved improved and more efficient toolkits and equipment. (SITRA scheme).
DWCRA is another good scheme that developed a lot of self help groups and empowered women a lot. They were given finance and were encouraged for manufacturing of artistic items or commercial items. These groups were also focused for family welfare, nutrition, health care, child care and education, and further more safe pure hygienic drinking water. They were the front face for development of basic things like sanitation in rural areas and quality of living in family. These groups could in turn help other people to improve their lifestyles.
National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS) gives a lump sum amount to the family below poverty line, in case of unfortunate death of the main earning member of the family, above 18 years.
There were literacy schemes like Total Literacy Campaign. There are schemes like PODUPULAKSHMI in Andhra Pradesh. Anganwadi is another scheme.
Also freeing poor people and children in villages of bonded labour is a great step towards alleviation of poverty. Further, giving reservations to scheduled tribes, castes and other backward castes is a step towards their social empowerment. But these reservation schemes did do some harm to the system as even financially sound people from these castes avail of the reservations. That deprives true meritorious students from poor but from forward castes.
There was a Million wells scheme by National Rural Employment Program (NREP), RLEGP and JRY schemes. These were to develop new irrigation wells. Also water harvesting schemes where water was scarce.
Some of the beneficiary schemes did have negative effect on sincere efforts from some rural people. They left hard labour work and took free benefits given by the government schemes. Some of the schemes did land in scams due to cheating by some people and corruption by some government staff too.
Many state governments give money to poor bride and bridegroom on the day of their marriage. The girl child is given free education up to degree level too. Rural Housing under Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) is a very good scheme to provide strong solid residence for the people. Started in 1999. Lakhs of pakka houses were built.
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) is a more recent scheme that guarantees rural people of work at least for 150 days in a year. This helped rural people a lot. This became Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment scheme later.
Annapurna scheme provided food to senior citizens and old people who did not have anybody to take care of them in family. They were not covered under the Old age pension schemes. Rice was given every month through the public distribution outlets. This was initiated in 1999. The public distribution scheme (PDS) gives essential commodities at cheaper rates than in other shops. Every month families are given grains and oils in quantities based on their income range.
A component of IRDP, is training of the Rural Youth for Self-employment (TRYSEM). The technical and entrepreneurial skills are imparted to able young men and women. Then they can generate employment and income too. National Maternity Benefit scheme provides some cash to pregnant ladies for the first two offsprings during pregnancy period. This scheme helps poor families.
Many land reforms were undertaken for alleviation of poverty. Land ceiling act and redistribution of land was in this category. There were Prime minister’s Rojgar Yojana (PMRY), Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY), Jayaprakash Rozgar Yojana (JPRGY), Rural housing schemes and so on.
For urban areas, there is a prime minister’s integrated urban poverty eradication program (PMIUPEP). This was mainly for people below poverty line (BPL) in the urban areas. There is also Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna and National Social Assistance programme (NSAP) in the same direction of eradication of poverty.
The Digital India and Make in India of Narendra Modi is aimed at skills development and employment.
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Poverty alleviation measures adopted by India are as follows...
√ Swarnjayanti Gram Swarojgar Yogna..
It was launched in April 1999 to reduce unemployment from rural areas. Under this program a large no of small scale industries were established in rural areas...
√ Sampoorna Gramin Rojgar Yogna..
It was launched on 1 September 2001 with the objectives of provide the employment opportunities to surplus workers and to focus to developed infrastructure..
√ Development of small and cottage industry..
Special measure taken by govt to develop small and cottage industries viewing to remove poverty...
√ Minimum Needs Program..
To raise the standard of living of the poors by giving them some basic necessities of their life as water, food , clothes...
√ Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme ..
Under this scheme all those who r willing to work at minimum wages are offered work for a minimum period of 100 days...
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