poverty, illiteracy and unemployment are major problems confronting our country today. can you give reason why and suggest some solutions for these problems
Answers
Poverty refers to a situation when people are deprived of basic necessities of life. It is often characterized by inadequacy of food, shelter and clothes. In other words, poverty refers to a state of privation where there is a lack of essential needs for subsistence.
India is one of the poorest countries in the world. Many Indian people do not get two meals a day. They do not have good houses to live in. Their children do not get proper schooling.Poor people migrate from rural areas to cities and towns in search of employment/financial activity.
The income of more than 8 crore urban people is estimated to fall below poverty line (BPL).
In addition to this, there are around 4.5 crore urban people whose income level is on borderline of poverty level.
A income of urban poors is highly unstable. A large number of them are either casual workers or self-employed.
Banks and Financial institutions are reluctant to provide them loan because of the unstable income.
Five states that constitutes around 40% of all urban poor people of India are Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Odisha, and Madhya Pradesh.
Around 35% of the total population of the four metro cities (Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Mumbai) consists of slum population.
A large portion of people living in slums are illiterate.
The initiatives taken to deal with the problem of urban poverty has not yielded the desired results.
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Answer:
Employment Strategy of the Republic of Serbia for period 2014-2020, recognizes women as the biggest vulnerable group on labour market which is difficult to target with special employment programs owing to the group’s heterogeneity. Nevertheless, the Strategy recognizes the shortage of adequate employment programs for women in general, as well as the shortage of programs specially designed for women facing multiple discrimination. Besides women, the strategy defines some other vulnerable groups on labor market such as human trafficking victims and among them members of Roma minority, refugees and internally displaced persons, young women, the illiterate, persons who live in rural areas but do not own any land, etc. It is important to stress that many of these groups overlap, so in reality we have cases where many human trafficking victims who survived specific and traumatic exploitation experience are at the same time young, uneducated, and can be members of Roma population, come from rural areas, and have previously experienced domestic violence. All these things confirm the fact that majority of these persons, in particular women, face multiple discrimination on a daily basis.
One of the important questions for understanding overall gender inequality context, and the position of different vulnerable groups, is the poverty question. Poverty is the issue that Serbia, as a country with a long standing and painful experience with economic transition, hasn’t still tackled in an adequate manner, as a huge number of citizens still live below poverty threshold. On the other hand, poverty is tightly related to education level: in Serbia, the poverty level has been clearly decreasing as the education level of the head of the household has been increasing: from 20,2% for persons who haven’t even completed basic education, to only 1,0% to ones with Bachelor’s degree. The ones with complete or even incomplete basic education were predominant among the poor: they constituted 61,5% of all the poor, while their share in the total number of citizens was 29,5 percent. Even though the poverty level of those with medium level education was under national average, their number was still high – they constituted 36,3% of all the poor, which is certainly the consequence of their high share in the total number of citizens (54,2% citizens of Serbia). This strong connection between education and poverty clearly shows that enhancing an employee’s qualification level, especially those with lower position, is a direct and efficient way toward reducing poverty in Serbia.
. Most of the users of the social inclusion program that has been implemented by the Citizens’ Association Atina do not have completed basic education. Because of traumas and other consequences of experienced violence, as well as all the other, above mentioned aspects of social exclusion, that majority of these women have personally experienced, they are hard-to-employ social category. However, recovery program is difficult to achieve if the persons are not enabled to regain control over their lives, i.e. to find a steady job, become financially independent, and get their freedom back. That is why economic empowerment has to be one of essential elements of overall support system. Nevertheless, one of the consequences of economic crisis was dramatically decreased capacity of existing systems to, by using its interventions, enable the process of social inclusion of victims, and above all – their sustainable reintegration and empowerment by their complete inclusion in education system and labour market. It is their inclusion in systems that presents an important guarantee for reintegration of victims of human trafficking and exploitation, and since we live in a permanent transition, so far this process hasn’t been smooth at all, and it will continue being a challenge in the future too.
Having in mind that illiteracy, poverty and unemployment are among major causes of social inequality, Atina’s work with victims of human trafficking and violence against women is deeply grounded on the belief that every person should be given support to regain the feeling of human dignity so that she can be(come) an equal society member. Therefore, our program starts from a comprehensive individual approach focused on a user, where every user fully participates and makes a decision about her future. This approach not only has a positive effect on a user, but on her family and environment. In order to financially support such approach,