Question

Power can be shared among governments at different levels. Such a general government for the entire country is usually called:
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Answer 1

Explanation:

The different forms of power-sharing in modern democracies are:

Horizontal Division of Power- It is the sharing of power among the different organs of government, for example, power sharing by the executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary. In this type of power-sharing arrangement, different organs of government, placed at the same level, exercised different powers. Such a separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power, thereby putting a check on each other.

Vertical Division of Power- It is a system of power sharing among governments at different levels. For example, a general government for the entire country and governments at provincial or regional levels. In India, we refer to it as the Central Government, State Governments, Municipality, Gram Panchayat etc. The Constitution lays down the powers of different levels of government.

Division of Power among different Social Groups- Power can also be shared among different groups which differ socially like different religious and linguistic groups. ‘Community Government’ in Belgium is a good example of this type of power sharing. The system of reserved constituencies in India is another example. Such an arrangement is used to give minority communities a fair share in power, who otherwise would feel alienated from the government.

Division of Power among Political Parties, Pressure Groups, and Movements- In contemporary democracies such a division takes the form of competition among different parties, which in turn ensures that power does not remain in one hand and is shared among different political parties representing different ideologies and social groups.

Answer 2

Such a government is one having a federal division of power.

Power sharing consists of two components, namely:

1. Horizontal
2. Vertical

• this type is also referred to as vertical division.
• This power-sharing refers to the division of authority considerably between the various governmental echelons.
• The lower body's functioning is guided and supervised by the higher unit. Power is effectively distributed among several governmental levels under this arrangement.
• For instance, the federal government and regional or some provincial administrations.
• The Central Government, State Governments, Municipalities, Gram Panchayat, etc. are how we refer to them in India.
• The parent central body is the sub-unit of each unit. The main body keeps an eye on the smaller parts.
• The Constitution clearly outlines the authority of several governmental tiers.

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