Power point presentation on synthetic fibres and plastic?
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2. Natural Fibres A fibre is a thin thread of a natural or artificial substance, especially one that is used to make cloth or rope. Fibres can be classified into 2 main categories: natural and synthetic. Natural fibres are obtained from natural sources such as animals and plants
3. Plant Fibres Cotton: Cotton fibre is obtained from the cotton plant. It is one of the traditional fibres used in the textile industry Linen: Linen fabric is obtained from the flax plant. The properties of linen fabric are very much similar to cotton fabric. Jute: It is obtained from the jute plant. On account of its high strength, it is perfect for use in packaging material.
4. Animal Fibres Silk: Silk is obtained from silk worms. The most popular kind of silk is obtained from the mulberry silk worm. Wool: Wool is commonly obtained from sheep. Wool fabric is soft to the touch and provides warmth to the weather, due to which it is the preferred choice for winter apparel.
6. Synthetic Fibres Synthetic fibres are man-made fibres. Synthetic fibres are made from different chemicals, hence each kind of synthetic fibres have their own properties. Synthetic fibres are more in length and are long lasting. The only limitation in synthetic fibres is that they are poor absorbents of moisture and they catch fire easily
7. Synthetic Fibres • Many items of clothing contain materials such as polyester, polyamide, terylene, rayon etc. • The items previously mentioned are all man-made fibres, and are called synthetic fibres.
8. Synthetic Fibres A synthetic fibre is a chain of small chemical units joined together. Each small unit is called a monomer. Large chain formed by many monomers is called a Polymer. The process of combining small monomers to form a large polymer is called Polymerisation.
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12. Nylon Chemically it is a ‘polyamide’, a polymer. It is the strongest synthetic plastic material which can be moulded to any shape. It is strong and easy to dye. Nylon fibres do not absorb water easily. It is elastic in nature and hence, highly durable.
13. Properties of nylon toughest elastic material high tensile strength slightly water absorbent, dries quickly It can be moulded into fibres, bristles, sheets, rods, tubes and coatings resists oil, grease, moths, fungus and other pests can be made into palates or powdered is lustrous and easy to wash
15. Polyester Alcohol and organic acid react together to make compounds called esters which are polymers Polyesters come under the brand names of ‘Terylene’, ‘Dacron’, ‘Terene’ and ‘Polyester’.
16. Properties of polyester resistant to pests and chemicals dries quickly easy to wash, does not shrink or stretch forms a permanent crease if heated and pressed tough, light weight and elastic
18. Acrylic Acrylic is often used as a substitute for wool. Acrylic fibres are strong and wrinkle-resistant. It is easy to wash and dries quickly. It is resistant to moths, oils, chemicals and deterioration on exposure to sunlight.
19. Properties of acrylic Resistant to moths Soft with crimps resembling wool Is durable light and washable Strong and stain resistant Also available in sheets Can be dyed in different colors
20. Uses of acrylic Acrylic knitting wool is good for baby wears because they are soft, warm and washable. Used for making artificial fur, blankets, carpets etc. A transparent type of acrylic is used to cover automobile lights, lenses surgical tools etc
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24. Plastics
25. Types of plastics Thermosetting Plastics thermoplastics
26. Thermosetting plastics Thermoset plastics are hard and rigid. Example is Bakelite and melamine. Thermoset can be moulded to set it in any shape but it cannot be remoulded. It is dark in color, hard and resistant to heat and electricity. It is being widely used for the handle of kettles and pans. Earlier black telephone sets, electric switches, electric lamp holders, pins and plugs were made from thermoset plastic.
28. Thermoplastics Thermoplastics are soft and flexible. They are not elastic like rubber and steel springs. They melt on warming and regain their shape on cooling. Thermoplastics can be drawn into fine fibers, moulded to any desired shape or stretched or spread as sheets. Some of the better known thermoplastics are nylon (polyamide), polyesters, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylic, polyurethane, polypropylene (PP), poly- tetra-fluoro-ethylene (PTEE) etc
29. Thermoplastics examples Plastic table and chairs Plastic food containers Plastic toys Plastic spoons and forks Plastic cups Plastic daily use items
30. Properties of Plastics Resist corrosion Resist high temperatures Insulate heat and electricity Elastic Thermoplastics can be recycled Not reactive to Chemicals and water Water resistant soft when hot