Powers and functions of the president of India
Answers
The primary duty of the president is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law of India as made part of his oath (Article 60 of Indian constitution). The president is the common head of all independent constitutional entities.
Answer:
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Explanation:
President of India who is also the nominal head of the country has following powers:-
1.Duty
The primary duty of the President is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law of India as made part of his oath (Article 60 of Indian constitution). The President is the common head of all independent constitutional entities.
2.Legislative powers
Legislative power is constitutionally vested by the Parliament of which the President is the head, to facilitate the law making process per the constitution (Article 78, Article 86, etc.). The President of the Republic summons both the Houses of the Parliamemt and prorogues them. He can dissolve the Lok Sabha.
3.Executive powers
Per Article 53, the executive power of the country is vested in the President and is exercised by President either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with the Constitution. When parliament thinks fit it may accord additional executive powers to the president per Article 70 which may be further delegated by the president to the governers of states per Article 160.
4.Judicial powers
The primary duty of the President is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law of India per Article 60. The President appoints the CJI of the Union Judiciary and other judges on the advice of the Chief Justice. He dismisses the judges if and only if the two Houses of the Parliament pass resolutions to that effect by a two-thirds majority of the members present.
5.Appointment powers
The President appoints, as PM, the person most likely to command the support of the majority in the Lok Sabha (usually the leader of the majority party or coalition). The President then appoints the other members of the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios to them on the advice of the Prime Minister.
6.Military powers
The President is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armrd Forces. The President can declare war or conclude peace, on the advice of the Union Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. All important treaties and contracts are made in the President's name. He also appoints the chiefs of the service branches of the armed forces.
7.Pardoning powers
As mentioned in Article 72 of the Indian Constitution, the President is empowered with the powers to grant pardons in the following situations:
Punishment is for an offence against Union Law
Punishment is by a military court
Sentence is that of death
The decisions involving pardoning and other rights by the President are independent of the opinion of the Prime Minister or the Lok Sabha majority. In most cases, however, the President exercises his executive powers on the advice of the Prime Minister and the cabinet.
8.Emergency powers
The President can declare three types of emergencies: national, state and financial, under articles 352, 356 & 360 in addition to promulgating ordinances under article 123.
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