Ppls solve the D.3,4,5
Answers
3) In all these land revenue systems, the revenue was fixed at a very high rate.
In Permanent settlement, the Company fixed the revenue so high that it became difficult for zamindars to pay revenues to the Company.
The settlement was oppressive for villagers as they had to pay high rent to the zamindars. Their rights on the land were maintained till they paid the revenues.
To pay the high land revenues, they had to take loans from moneylenders at high interest rates.
Cultivators failed to pay the high rent and thus were evicted from their lands which they had been cultivating since generations.
In other land revenue systems too, most of the peasants were not able to pay to revenues and hence lost their lands.
4) Forceful cultivation of Indigo: Peasants from Bengal were compelled to reserve a part of their land to grow indigo. The peasants were mercilessly forced to cultivate indigo. They were offered small payments to be adjusted against final payment at the time of delivery. Once the peasant accepted the offer, it was more like a trap. The peasants were cheated with the weight of the produce and the value of the produce was calculated at rates way below market price.
Excessive labor and unfavorable returns : An intense confrontation grew between landlords and planters on one hand, and the planters and peasants on the other. There were a few planters who chose to have rotation of crops, alternating indigo with rice and other crops. Excessive labor and unfavorable returns from the indigo produce were the main reasons for the reluctance.
5) It was the first India's Civil Disobedience movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi to protest against the injustice meted out to tenant farmers in Champaran district of Bihar. It was started in 1917, under the British rule, many farmers in the Champaran district of Bihar were forced to grow indigo in their lands, much to their dismay. To fight this, a money lender named Raj Kumar Shukla reached out to Gandhiji and requested him to come and help them.