Question

Pragya tested the solubility of four different substances at different
temperatures and collected the data as given below (results are given in the
following table, as grams of a substance dissolved in 100 grams of water to
form a saturated solution).
SOLUBILITIES OF VARIOUS SALTS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
Substance Dissolved 283K 293K 313K 333K 353K
Potassium nitrate 21 32 62 106 167
Sodium chloride 36 36 36 37 37
Potassium chloride 35 35 40 46 54
Ammonium chloride 24 37 41 55 66
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING – BASED ON THE TABLE
(a) What mass of potassium nitrate would be needed to produce a saturated
solution of potassium nitrate in 50 grams of water at 313 K?
(b) Pragya makes a saturated solution of potassium chloride in water at 353 K
and leaves the solution to cool at room temperature. What would she
observe as the solution cools? Explain.

(c) Find the solubility of each salt at 293 K. Which salt has the highest
solubility at this temperature?
(d) What is the effect of change of temperature on the solubility of a salt?

Answer 1

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c answer is sodium chloride

Answer 2

Answer:

a) At 313k,in the saturated solution

Amount of potassium nitrate dissolved in 100gms of water=36g

amount of potassium nitrate dissolved in 50gms of water=62g×50÷100= 31g

b) when the saturated solution prepared at 353k is cooled to room temperature (about 298k)the solubility of potassium chloride in water will decrease. It will slowly start separating as a crystalline white residue at the bottom of the container.

c) The solubility of the salt in a water is defined as:the maximum amount of the salt which is dissolved in 100g of water (or may any other solvent) to form a saturated solution at a given temperature

In the light of this,at 293k

solubility of potassium nitrate=32g per 100g of water

solubility of potassium chloride=35g per 100g of water

solubility of sodium chloride=36g per 100g of water

solubility of ammonium chloride=37g per 100g of water

Ammonium chloride has the maximum solubility (37g per 100g water)

d) wish rise in temperature, the solubility of all salts in water increases. This has been shown by the data given in the table. Similarly, when the temperature is deceased, the solubility of these salts in water decreases

Explanation:

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