Pragya tested the solubility of three different substances at different temperatures and collected the data as given below (results are given in the following table, as grams of a substance dissolved in 100 grams of water to form a saturated solution).
(a) What mass of potassium nitrate would be needed to produce a saturated solution of potassium nitrate in 50 grams of water at 313K?
(b) Pragya makes a saturated solution of potassium chloride in water at 353 K and leaves the solution to cool at room temperature. What would she observe as the solution cools? Explain.
(c) Find the solubility of each salt at 293 K. Which salt has the highest solubility at this temperature?
(d) What is the effect of change of temperature on the solubility of a salt?
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Answers
solubility is expressed as grams of solute dissolved in 100 gm of water. in case of potassium nitrate, at 313k, 62 gm are dissolved in 100gm of water. hence for 50 gm of water, it would be 62/2= 31 gm. b) as the solution of potassium chloride cools, it's solubility decrrasses and hence some of the sodium chloride cryatalizes. c) the soubility data reveals that at 293k, maximum solubilty is for ammonium chloride, (37 gm/100ml), then sodium chloride (36gm/100ml), then potassium chloride (35gm/100ml) and last is potassium nitrate (32 gm/100ml). d) with an increase in temperature, the solubility increases, normally. for the casecof some salts, increase in temperature decreases, the solubility ( potassium sulfate for example) and they are called inverted solubility curves