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Prime Minister Narandra Modi launched Swatch Bharat Abhiyaan-on 2 October 2014. This programme aims to eradicate 'open defaecation' by 2019. The national campaign spans 4,041 statutory cities and towns. It is the current form of a few prior campaigns, including 'Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan' and the Total Sanitation Campaign', which had similar goals. The Indian government aims to achieve an Open-Defaecation Free' (ODF) India by 2 October 2019, the 150th anniversary of the birth of Mahatma Gandhi, by constructing 12 million toilets in rural India at a projected cost of ? 1.96 lakh crore. Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke of the need for toilets in his 2014 Independence Day speech: "Has it ever pained us that our mothers and sisters have to defaecate in the open? Poor women folk of the village wait for the night; until darkness descends, so that they can go out to defaecate. What bodily torture they must be feeling, how many diseases that act might engender them? Can't we just make arrangements for toilets for the dignity of our mothers and sisters?" Modi also spoke of the need for toilets in schools during the 2014 Jammu and Kashmir state elections campaign. 'Swachh Sarvekshan 2017 was an extensive sanitation survey across 500 cities in India. The Ministry of Urban Development, commissioned Quality of India to conduct this survey; to check the progress and impact of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan launched in 2014. It aims to foster a spirit of competition among the cities and offers a comprehensive assessment of their sanitation status.
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Explanation:
Prime Minister Narandra Modi launched Swatch Bharat Abhiyaan-on 2 October 2014. This programme aims to eradicate 'open defaecation' by 2019. The national campaign spans 4,041 statutory cities and towns. It is the current form of a few prior campaigns, including 'Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan' and the Total Sanitation Campaign', which had similar goals. The Indian government aims to achieve an Open-Defaecation Free' (ODF) India by 2 October 2019, the 150th anniversary of the birth of Mahatma Gandhi, by constructing 12 million toilets in rural India at a projected cost of ? 1.96 lakh crore. Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke of the need for toilets in his 2014 Independence Day speech: "Has it ever pained us that our mothers and sisters have to defaecate in the open? Poor women folk of the village wait for the night; until darkness descends, so that they can go out to defaecate. What bodily torture they must be feeling, how many diseases that act might engender them? Can't we just make arrangements for toilets for the dignity of our mothers and sisters?" Modi also spoke of the need for toilets in schools during the 2014 Jammu and Kashmir state elections campaign. 'Swachh Sarvekshan 2017 was an extensive sanitation survey across 500 cities in India. The Ministry of Urban Development, commissioned Quality of India to conduct this survey; to check the progress and impact of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan launched in 2014. It aims to foster a spirit of competition among the cities and offers a comprehensive assessment of their sanitation status.