preface on geography project topic 'Wildlife conservation efforts in India'?
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India is home to a large number and variety of animals. It is a hotspot for biodiversity with its various ecosystems ranging from the Himalayas in the north to the evergreen rain-forest of the south, the desert sands of the west to the marshy mangroves of the east. India, lying within the Indomalayan realm, is home to about 7.6% of all mammalian, 14.7% of all amphibians,6% of avian (bird), 6.2% of reptilian, and 6.0% of flowering plant species.[1] India's forest lands nurture about 500 species of mammals and 2000+ bird speciess. This richness in Indian wildlife has been celebrated since time immemorable. As a result, four of India’s national symbols display India’s mammals.
India is one of the most biodiverse regions of the world and contains four[2] of the world’s 36 biodiversity hotspots[3] – the Western Ghats, the Eastern Himalayas, the Indo-Burmaland and Sunda Land.[4] It is one of the seventeen megadiverse countries. The country has seven Natural World Heritage sites, eleven Biosphere Reserves in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves and twenty six Ramsar Wetlands. According to one study, India along with the sixteen other megadiverse countries is home to about 60-70% of the world's biodiversity.[5]
India is the only country in the world where lions and tigers coexist in the wild. It has the largest deer as well as tiger population. Indigenous to the subcontinent are the unique species such as the Indian Sloth Bear, the Chausinga antelope and the majestic Barasinga. It is home to Bengal and Indochinese tiger, Asiatic lions, Indian and Indochinese leopards, snow leopards, clouded leopards, various species of Deer, including Chital, Hangul, Barasingha; the Indian Elephant, the Great Indian Rhinoceros, and many others.[6][7] The region's diverse wildlife is preserved in more than 103 national parks, 18 Bio-reserves and more than 535 wildlife sanctuaries across the country. Wildlife management is essential to preserve the rare and endangered endemic species.[8]
India is home to several species of the family Sciuridae including several of the largest in the world. Squirrel species known to inhabit the country include the Indian giant squirrel, Indian giant flying squirrel, Spotted giant flying squirrel, Hodgson's giant flying squirrel, Bhutan giant flying squirrel, White-bellied giant flying squirrel, Yunnan giant flying squirrel, Mechuka giant flying squirrel, Mishmi giant flying squirrel, and the Indian palm squirrel.
In response to decrease in the numbers of wild animals, human encroachment and poaching activities, the government of India established a system of national parks and protected areas in 1935, which was subsequently expanded. In 1972, India enacted the Wildlife Protection Act and Project Tiger to safeguard crucial habitat. Further, federal protections were promulgated in the 1980s.
The varied and rich wildlife of India has had a profound impact on the region's popular culture. The wildlife has also been made famous in The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling. India's wildlife has been the subject of numerous other tales and fables such as the Panchatantra.
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