preparation of opium
Answers
Answer:
Opium preparation is an opioid, sometimes called a narcotic.
Opium is derived from the seed pod of a poppy plant. It works by increasing smooth muscle tone and decreasing fluid secretions in the intestines. This slows the movement of bowel matter through the intestines.
Opium preparation (sometimes called "opium tincture") is used to treat diarrhea.
Opium preparation may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Answer:
Harvesting Opium Poppies
The milky fluid that seeps from cuts in the unripe poppy seed pod has, since ancient times, been scraped off and air-dried to produce what is known as opium. The seedpod is first incised with a multi-bladed tool. This lets the opium “gum” ooze out. The semi-dried "gum" is harvested with a curved spatula and then dried in open wooden boxes. The dried opium resin is placed in bags or rolled into balls for sale.
Current Legal Production of Opium
Legal growing of opium for medicinal use currently takes place in India, Turkey, and Australia. Two thousand tons of opium are produced annually and this supplies the world with the raw material needed to make medicinal products. Mallinckrodt.
Heroin Drug Trafficking
Currently, there are three main sources for illegal opium: Burma, Afghanistan, and Colombia. Opium and heroin are ideal trade products–they are in great demand, are very profitable to produce, and the products take up little space. With modern transportation, opium and heroin can be moved from one country to another within days or a few weeks. Opium and heroin have a long and stable shelf life, allowing the products to be stored for long periods of time.
Clandestine Heroin Laboratory in Afghanistan
In 2010 groups in Afghanistan produced 90 percent of the world's illicit opium, using clandestine labs well hidden in the country's topography.
Heroin Brick Mould
Morphine is extracted from opium and the morphine base is transported to clandestine heroin laboratories or processed into heroin directly. The heroin powder is distributed either loose in bags or pressed into bricks with a mould. DEA
Heroin Bag Stamps
Drug Traffickers routinely mark their products with logos or characters as a marketing tool to keep brand loyalty among their customers as well as to remain anonymous if the drugs are seized by law enforcement. These chicken and camel stamps were used by drug traffickers in Afghanistan.
Branded Plastic Bags Used for Packaging of Illegal Heroin
Many consumers have their favorite brand of the drug.
From the Farm to the Arm
The majority of the world’s heroin is produced using the Southwest Asian Method of processing.
Colombian Method
A slightly different processing method is used to make heroin in Colombia. Instead of leaving the opium to dry overnight on the pod, the liquid opium is harvested immediately for processing. The frequent rains in that region necessitate immediate removal of the opium from the pod to prevent it from being washed away. The liquid opium is then mixed with hot water and similar steps to those that are outlined in the Southwest method are used.
Attacking Heroin Trafficking
In 2008, DEA seized 13,719 kilograms (30,245 pounds) of heroin in operations around the world.