Prepare a detailed project on the topic,1-FIVE WAYS TO REDUCE THE WASTAGE OF RESOURCES. 2-WATER CONSERVATION METHOD. 3- MULTI-PURPOSE RIVER VALLEY PROJECT ITS ADVANTAGES. Project should be developed and presented in this order I. Cover page showing project title, schools name, students name, class and section and academic session (year) II. List of contents with page number(Index) (approx...15 pages) III. Acknowledgements: Acknowledging institution, offices and libraries visited and people who have helped. a. Project Overview: Purpose, aim, methodology and experience while doing the project b. Chapters with relevant headings. c. Summary and conclusions based on findings. d. Bibliography should have the title, pages referred, author, publisher, year of publication and if a website, the name of the website/link
Answers
Answer:
movement that take place below the earth surface are called __ movement
Answer:
Water conservation includes all the policies, strategies and activities to sustainably manage the natural resource of fresh water, to protect the hydrosphere, and to meet the current and future human demand (thus avoiding water scarcity). Population, household size and growth and affluence all affect how much water is used. Factors such as climate change have increased pressures on natural water resources especially in manufacturing and agricultural irrigation.[1] Many countries have already implemented policies aimed at water conservation, with much success.[2] The key activities to conserve water are as follows: any beneficial reduction in water loss, use and waste of resources,[3] avoiding any damage to water quality; and improving water management practices that reduce the use or enhance the beneficial use of water.[4][5] Technology solutions exist for households, commercial and agricultural applications. Water conservation programs involved in social solutions are typically initiated at the local level, by either municipal water utilities or regional governments. Common strategies include public outreach campaigns,[6] tiered water rates (charging progressively higher prices as water use increases), or restrictions on outdoor water use such as lawn watering and car washing.
Flood and Drought Management through Water Resources Development in India
Tags: Weather Climate Climate services Water Floods Drought Natural hazards Agriculture and food security Environment Education Forecast Data exchange Information
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Bulletin nº : Vol 56 (3) - 2007
by S.K. Das1, Ramesh Kumar Gupta2 and Harish Kumar Varma2
Introduction
We know that water is necessary, both for sustainable human development and for the healthy functioning of the planet’s ecosystem. Availability of freshwater globally however, is limited. Out of the 2.7 per cent of a total amount of 1 400 million km3 of freshwater, the major portion occurs in the form of permanent snow cover or deep aquifers and only a small fraction is available for use.
Although India has to support 16 per cent of the world’s population and 15 per cent of livestock, we have only 2.4 per cent of the land and 4 per cent of the water resources of the world. Out of about 4 000 km3 of precipitation in a year, as much as 3 000 km3 comes as rainfall in a short monsoon period of three to four months from June to September. The distribution of the water thus available is not uniform and is highly uneven in both space and time. The average annual water resource potential of the country is estimated to be 1 869 km3. Due to hydrological, topographical and geological limitations, however, only 690 km3 of surface water can be utilized by conventional storage and diversion structures. The annual recharge of groundwater is 433 km3.
Two major problems faced by the country are drought and floods, which are discussed in the succeeding paragraphs:
Floods and drought
Today, droughts and floods are a common feature and their co-existence poses a potent threat, which cannot be eradicated but has to be managed. Transfer of the surplus monsoon water to areas of water deficit is a potential possibility. This would also help create additional irrigational potential, the generation of hydropower, as well as overcoming regional imbalances.
The recurrence of drought and famines during the second half of the 19th century necessitated the development of irrigation to give protection against the failure of crops and to reduce large-scale expenditure on famine relief.
Floods in India
Floods are recurrent phenomena in India. Due to different climatic and rainfall patterns in different regions, it has been the experience that, while some parts are suffering devastating floods, another part is suffering drought at the same time. With the increase in population and development activity, there has been a tendency to occupy the floodplains, which has resulted in damage of a more serious nature over the years. Often, because of the varying rainfall distribution, areas which are not traditionally prone to floods also experience severe inundation. Thus, floods are the single most frequent disaster faced by the country.
Flooding is caused by the inadequate capacity within the banks of the rivers to contain the high flows brought down from the upper catchments due to heavy rainfall. Flooding is accentuated by erosion and silting of the river beds, resulting in a reduction of the carrying capacity of river channels; earthquakes and landslides leading to changes in river courses and obstructions to flow; synchronization of floods in the main and tributary rivers; retardation due to tidal effects; encroachment of floodplains; and haphazard and unplanned growth of urban areas. Some parts of the country, mainly coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal, experience cyclones, which are often accompanied by heavy rainfall leading to flooding
