prepare a essay to give a talk on biodiversity and conservation
Answers
Explanation:
Conservation of biodiversity means protection and preservation of the flora and fauna on the earth. Conservation of biodiversity is essential for the survival of all the species. Optimum conservation of biodiversity means richness of ecosystem and improved quality of life. It also results in well-established food chains in different habitats.
Disastrous growth in the industrial sectors has severely impacted the conservation of biodiversity. The species of both plants and animals are becoming scarce. Clearing land for setting up houses and industries results in deforestation, thus, disturbing the whole ecological balance. The intense level of air, water, and soil pollution have also made things worse.
Serious steps need to be taken in order to support the conservation of biodiversity. Without trees and animals, the biological chain would collapse and cause the extinction of many species. Needless to say, it would endanger the survival of the human race too.
The necessity for the conservation of biodiversity is usually ignored by the people. The main reason behind this thing is that we think about ourselves only and not about our surroundings and environment. In fact, several species have become vanished up till now and if we did not take any essential step to save them then, more of them will soon become extinct. Fertility of biodiversity is vital for the correct functioning of the earth’s environment.
It will not be possible for us to survive for a longer time on earth if we do not become serious about the conservation of biodiversity and see it declining day by day. We should stop misusing our environment for our personal selfish motives. In fact, we must think about contributing in the direction of conservation of biodiversity.
Biodiversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is typically a measure of variation at the genetic, species, and ecosystem level.[1] Terrestrial biodiversity is usually greater near the equator,[2] which is the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity.[3] Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth, and is richest in the tropics.[4] These tropical forest ecosystems cover less than 10 percent of earth's surface, and contain about 90 percent of the world's species.[5] Marine biodiversity is usually highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest, and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans.There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity.Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time, but will be likely to slow in the future.
A sampling of fungi collected during summer 2008 in Northern Saskatchewan mixed woods, near LaRonge, is an example regarding the species diversity of fungi. In this photo, there are also leaf lichens and mosses.
Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions. More than 99.9 percent of all species that ever lived on Earth, amounting to over five billion species, are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.[18] More recently, in May 2016, scientists reported that 1 trillion species are estimated to be on Earth currently with only one-thousandth of one percent described.[19] The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037 and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon). In July 2016, scientists reported identifying a set of 355 genes from the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) of all organisms living on Earth.
The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old meta-sedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. More recently, in 2015, "remains of biotic life" were found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia. According to one of the researchers, "If life arose relatively quickly on Earth .. then it could be common in the universe."
Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic eon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion—a period during which the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared. The next 400 million years included repeated, massive biodiversity losses classified as mass extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life.[36] The Permian–Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago, was the worst; vertebrate recovery took 30 million years. The most recent, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs.
The period since the emergence of humans has displayed an ongoing biodiversity reduction and an accompanying loss of genetic diversity. Named the Holocene extinction, the reduction is caused primarily by human impacts, particularly habitat destruction. Conversely, biodiversity positively impacts human health in a number of ways, although a few negative effects are studied.
The United Nations designated 2011–2020 as the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity. and 2021–2030 as the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration According to a 2019 Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services by IPBES, 25% of plant and animal species are threatened with extinction as the result of human activity.
In 2020, the fifth edition of the UN's Global Biodiversity Outlook report, which served as a “final report card” for the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, a series of 20 objectives set out in 2010, at the beginning of the UN's Decade on Biodiversity, most of which were supposed to be reached by the end of the year 2020, stated that none of the targets – which concern the safeguarding of ecosystems, and the promotion of sustainability – have been fully met.