prepare a project on the tribal societies of the medieval period (with pictures )
Answers
Answer:
Beyond Big Cities:
Tribal Societies
Some powerful tribes controlled large territories. In Punjab, the Khokhar tribe was very influential during the 13th and 14th centuries.
Kamal Khan Gakkhar, of Gakkhar tribe, was a noble (mansabdar) by Emperor Akbar.
In Multan and Sind, the Langahs and Arghuns dominated extensive regions before they were subdued by the Mughals.
In the western Himalaya lived the shepherd tribe of Gaddis.
The distant north-eastern part of the subcontinent too was entirely dominated by tribes – the Nagas, Ahoms etc.
In many areas of present-day Bihar and Jharkhand, Chero, chiefdoms had emerged by the 12th century. Raja Man Singh, Akbar’s general, attacked and defeated them in 1591.
The Maharashtra highlands and Karnataka were home to Kolis[also in Gujarat], Berads etc.
South got Koragas, Vetars, Maravars etc.
Bhils spread across western and central India. By the late 16th century, many of them had become settled agriculturists and some even zamindars.
The Gonds were found in great numbers across the present-day states of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh.
Gond Tribe :
They lived in a vast forested region called Gondwana.
They practiced shifting cultivation.
The Akbar Nama, a history of Akbar’s reign, mentions the Gond kingdom of Garha Katanga that had 70,000 villages.
The administrative system of these kingdoms was becoming centralized.
The emergence of large states changed the nature of Gond society.
Certain Gond chiefs now wished to be recognized as Rajputs.
Ahom Tribe :
They migrated to the Brahmaputra valley from present-day Myanmar in the 13th century.
They created a new state by suppressing the older political system of the bhuiyans (landlords).
During the 16th century, they annexed the kingdoms of the Chhutiyas (1523) and of Koch-Hajo (1581) and subjugated many other tribes.
They know to use firearms as early as the 1530s.
In 1662, the Mughals under Mir Jumla attacked the Ahom kingdom and defeated them.
The Ahom state depended upon forced labour. Those forced to work for the state were called paiks.
By the 17th century, the administration became quite centralized.
In their worship concepts influence of Brahmanas increased by the 17th century.
Literature and culture flourished in their time. Works known as buranjis, were written – first in the Ahom language and then in Assamese.
Trader Nomads: Banjaras
Banjaras
The Banjaras were the most important trader-nomads. Their caravan was called tanda.
Alauddin Khalji used the Banjaras to transport grain to the city markets.
Emperor Jahangir wrote in his memoirs about Banjaras
