Prepare a report on AIDS, its pathogen,ways of its transmission and prevention.
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AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. Once HIV infection develops into AIDS, infections and cancer pose a greater risk.
Without treatment, HIV infection is likely to develop into AIDS as the immune system gradually wears down. However, advances in ART mean than an ever-decreasing number of people progress to this stage.
By the close of 2015, around 1,122,900 people were HIV-positive. To compare, figures from 2016 show that medical professionals diagnosed AIDS in an estimated 18,160 people.
Causes
People transmit HIV in bodily fluids, including:
blood
semen
vaginal secretions
anal fluids
breast milk
In the United States, the main causes of this transfer of fluids are:
anal or vaginal intercourse with a person who has HIV while not using a condom or PrEP, a preventive HIV medication for people at high risk of infection
sharing equipment for injectable illicit drugs, hormones, and steroids with a person who has HIV
A woman living with HIV who is pregnant or has recently given birth might transfer the disease to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
The risk of HIV transmitting through blood transfusions is extremely low in countries that have effective screening procedures in place for blood donations.