prepare a short write up about a 'dignity of labour of tolstoy farm
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Mohandas K. Gandhi (1869-1948) attributes the success of the final phase of the satyagraha campaign in South Africa between 1908 and 1914 to the "spiritual purification and penance" afforded by the Tolstoy Farm. He devotes a considerable number of pages in Satyagraha in South Africa to the discussion of the day-to-day activities on the farm as the experiment appeared important to him, even though it had not enjoyed much "limelight". He wrote:
I have serious doubts as to whether the struggle could have been prosecuted for eight years, whether we could have secured larger funds, and whether the thousands of men who participated in the last phase of the struggle would have borne their share of it, if there had been no Tolstoy Farm.
Contrary to the suggestion of political training at the Tolstoy Farm, there is little description of how life at the settlement specifically and directly helped to mould political defiance in the individual. Gandhi chose rather to stress the training of self-discipline which in his view assisted the individual in his spiritual and moral growth. As in his Sabarmati Ashram (1916-1933), which must have been uppermost in his mind when he reflected on his South African experiences, so at the Tolstoy Farm Gandhi considered the individual's struggle with himself closely related to his quest for political freedom.
The Tolstoy Farm was the second of its kind of experiments established by Gandhi. The first, the Phoenix settlement in Natal, was inspired in 1904 by a single reading of John Ruskin's Unto This Last, a work that extolled the virtues of the simple life of love, labour, and the dignity of human beings. Gandhi was not as personally involved in the daily running of the Phoenix settlement as he was to become in his stay of interrupted duration at the Tolstoy Farm which lasted for about four years. In part this was because the political struggle had shifted to the Transvaal after 1906, and he controlled it from its Johannesburg headquarters.
Answer:
Mohandas K. Gandhi (1869-1948) attributes the success of the final phase of the satyagraha campaign in South Africa between 1908 and 1914 to the "spiritual purification and penance" afforded by the Tolstoy Farm. He devotes a considerable number of pages in Satyagraha in South Africa to the discussion of the day-to-day activities on the farm as the experiment appeared important to him, even though it had not enjoyed much "limelight". He wrote:
I have serious doubts as to whether the struggle could have been prosecuted for eight years, whether we could have secured larger funds, and whether the thousands of men who participated in the last phase of the struggle would have borne their share of it, if there had been no Tolstoy Farm.
Contrary to the suggestion of political training at the Tolstoy Farm, there is little description of how life at the settlement specifically and directly helped to mould political defiance in the individual. Gandhi chose rather to stress the training of self-discipline which in his view assisted the individual in his spiritual and moral growth. As in his Sabarmati Ashram (1916-1933), which must have been uppermost in his mind when he reflected on his South African experiences, so at the Tolstoy Farm Gandhi considered the individual's struggle with himself closely related to his quest for political freedom.
The Tolstoy Farm was the second of its kind of experiments established by Gandhi. The first, the Phoenix settlement in Natal, was inspired in 1904 by a single reading of John Ruskin's Unto This Last, a work that extolled the virtues of the simple life of love, labour, and the dignity of human beings. Gandhi was not as personally involved in the daily running of the Phoenix settlement as he was to become in his stay of interrupted duration at the Tolstoy Farm which lasted for about four years. In part this was because the political struggle had shifted to the Transvaal after 1906, and he controlled it from its Johannesburg headquarters.
To a large extent Gandhi's more intimate involvement at the Tolstoy Farm coincided with the heightened tempo of the passive resistance campaign, and the development of the Gandhian philosophy of the perfect individual in a perfect new order. This essay will briefly discuss the historical context within which the Tolstoy Farm was founded, and explore the activities at the farm which led Gandhi to call the experiment a "cooperative commonwealth".
The satyagraha movement in the Transvaal galvanised around the Asiatic Registration Act of 1907 and the Transvaal Immigration Act of the same year. Both were discriminatory. The first act required all Indian males residing in the Transvaal to register by thumb-prints, and the second restricted the entry of Indians into the province. The campaign was broadened later to include other issues as well, most notably the £ 3 poll tax required of every member of the indentured family in Natal.
It is incredible that Gandhi should have been able to arouse such a large number of people to political activism even to the extent of serving jail sentences. At one stage some 2,500 Indians were in prison at the same time for deliberately violating the offending pieces of legislation. A few of the satyagrahis had known nothing but comfort and security outside the jails. Most had not even seen the inside of a jail before, and they must have found the hard labour sentences and the squalid conditions difficult to bear. Yet there was evidence to suggest that the satyagrahis were infused by a defiant spirit represented in the answer of a hawker who said, "Mr. Gandhi, he know. If he say go to prison, we go."
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