Prepare a table about various poverty alleviation projects and programmes being implemented by the government
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Answer:
Abstract
A slew of participatory and community-demand-driven approaches have emerged in order to address the multi-dimensional nature of poverty in developing nations. The present study identifies critical factors responsible for poverty alleviation in India with the aid of fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) deployed for showcasing causal reasoning. It is through FCM-based simulations that the study evaluates the efficacy of existing poverty alleviation approaches, including community organisation based micro-financing, capability and social security, market-based and good governance. Our findings confirm, to some degree, the complementarity of various approaches to poverty alleviation that need to be implemented simultaneously for a comprehensive poverty alleviation drive. FCM-based simulations underscore the need for applying an integrated and multi-dimensional approach incorporating elements of various approaches for eradicating poverty, which happens to be a multi-dimensional phenomenon. Besides, the study offers policy implications for the design, management, and implementation of poverty eradication programmes. On the methodological front, the study enriches FCM literature in the areas of knowledge capture, sample adequacy, and robustness of the dynamic system model.
Citation: Singh PK, Chudasama H (2020) Evaluating poverty alleviation strategies in a developing country. PLoS ONE 15(1): e0227176. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227176
Editor: Stefan Cristian Gherghina, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, ROMANIA
Received: September 27, 2019; Accepted: December 9, 2019; Published: January 13, 2020
Copyright: © 2020 Singh, Chudasama. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Data Availability: All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files. The aggregated condensed matrix (social cognitive map) is given in S1 Table. One can replicate the findings of this study by analyzing this weight matrix.
Funding: The World Bank and the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India
Competing interests: We hereby declare that none of the authors have any conflict of interest on this paper.
Answer:
1)Wage employment programs
1)Wage employment programs2) Self-employment programs
1)Wage employment programs2) Self-employment programs3) Food security programmes
1)Wage employment programs2) Self-employment programs3) Food security programmes4) Social security programs
1)Wage employment programs2) Self-employment programs3) Food security programmes4) Social security programs5) Urban poverty alleviation programs.